Kirdyashkina Y.A., Ryzhkova Y.A.
FGBOU VPO "Penza State University,"
Penza
ON THE PROBLEM OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS APK RUSSIA
UNDER WTO
In a
globalized economy, and Russia's integration into the world economic system in
view of the entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) significantly
increases the threat and increases the number of factors affecting the
agro-industrial complex (AIC) and the food market. Therefore the question of
improving the competitiveness of agriculture and ensure food independence of
Russia is today highly relevant [3].
Agro-industrial
complex of Russia is one of the most important sectors of the national economy.
In the agriculture and food industry employs more than 9.7 million. Persons, or
15% of the total number of employees in the material produced in Russia. The
share of these sectors in the gross domestic product is about 10%, plays a key
role in the livelihood of the population. Share of food in total retail
turnover exceeds 46%. To date, the country almost lost its food security: more
than 40% of agricultural products are imported from abroad, and large cities
dependent on imports by 60-70%. Officially recognized that abandoned 40
million. Hectares. arable land (according to unofficial figures - 60 million.
hectares). Due to the poor living conditions and deformation socio-economic
development 17 thousand. Settlements disappeared from the map of the country.
Wages in the agricultural sector is the lowest, but the unemployment rate is
the highest: the employment rate of only 68% [4].
Thus, the
current state of agriculture requires the successful actions of the state to
regulate its development, as well as a comprehensive ordering of its industrial
and social infrastructure.
Russia's
accession to the World Trade Organization on 22 August 2012. WTO is an
international organization that was created in 1995 to regulate trade and
political relations between the state, which includes 157 countries. Russia's
accession to the WTO entails special risks to the domestic agricultural sector.
Russian agribusiness companies fear for the loss of competitiveness of its
products after the adoption of Russian WTO rules. Ministry of Agriculture of
the Russian Federation is also concerned about the risk of increasing the
payback period of agro-industries and reduce their investment attractiveness.
Recent disputes Russia's WTO membership for the most part concern is
agriculture (especially the poultry industry, livestock and grain crop) [1].
The
advantages include a modest economic growth varies by region, the development
of re-engineering and modernization of enterprises.
Thus, the
overall economic assessment of Russian agriculture is low, and it is not
objectively able to compete with similar industries in developed countries.
Problems
associated with the adaptation of agriculture to the WTO, are determined by
several factors:
1. Despite
some positive developments in recent years, agriculture has not yet been fully
overcome the consequences of the reforms the 90s and the 2008 crisis.
2. Low level
of profitability of agricultural producers mostly from sales of products, not
providing expanded reproduction and the goal, which led to the formation of
payables in excess of the annual revenue from the sale of products of
agricultural enterprises.
3. Low level
of wages in agriculture on the level of wages in the average for the economy of
the country.
4. Minor
presence of own and borrowed funds is an important factor that slows down the
development of production, which reduces the competitiveness of the industry.
Russia joined
the WTO on special conditions, the so-called "WTO plus", which
include certain restrictions, especially hard to determine the developed
countries, which include Russia.
Problems of
development of the Russian agricultural sector in the WTO requires a systematic
solution of the set production and economic, organizational, ecological,
economic, social, and legal issues.
The country's
agriculture, food market in terms of accession are at the most negatively
affected. Even in the face of increased state support for the profitability of
agricultural production is still very low. In 2009, the margin was only 9.4%, and
abnormal climatic conditions in 2010 decreased to 8.3%. Loan debt of the
Russian Federation of Agricultural Producers of more than $ 1.5 trillion. rub.,
of which more than $ 1 trillion. rub. - On investment loans. [2]
In assessing
the economic problems of Russia's accession to the WTO in the areas of
agriculture, it is worth noting that the development of integration processes
will not only reduce the cost to producers, but also allow them to consolidate
to defend their interests.
Study of the
competitiveness of agriculture led to the conclusion that its current state is
determined by a complex institutional, socio-economic, environmental,
organizational and technological problems for which there is an objective need
for the impact of the state. In the long term agriculture of the
self-regulating, developing spontaneously be transformed into the system
optimally combines the mechanisms of market self-regulation and public exposure
that will enhance its competitiveness.
Bibliography
of literature
1. Kartashov
F.N., Piyanzina T.S. Competitiveness of agriculture in the conditions of
Russian accession to the WTO - "System
Management" electronic scientific periodical, ¹ 2012, issue ¹4 (18)
2.Your risks
and threats to ensure the competitiveness of agricultural products in terms of
Russia's accession to the WTO [electronic resource] - Access mode: htpp:
//www.vniiesh.ru/news/9651.html
3. Russian
agro-food system in the context of competitiveness and food security /
P.M.Taranov // Economy agricultural and processing enterprises - 2011. - ¹ 10,
p. 20-23
4.Ushachev
N.G., Serkov A.F. Agro-industrial complex of Russia: status and problems, an
electronic resource.