Economic sciences / 6. Marketing and management

Cand.Econ.Sci. Baranova N. A.

A.Baitursynov Kostanay state university, Republic of Kazakhstan

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO MARKET CONSIDERATION

In modern economic literature there is a set of opinions and approaches concerning concept "market".

One consider that the market is "set of forms and ways of the organization of cooperation of people with each other, the employee and to give the chance to the first to sell to that for commercial purposes to bring together sellers to buyers, and the second to buy goods (services)" [1], or it "institute or the mechanism which is bringing together together buyers and sellers of separate goods and services" [2] or "any interaction which people for trade with each other" [3] enter. In such treatment concept the "market" designating a place of meetings of sellers and buyers for implementation of purchase and sale of goods (services), only partially reflects that deep contents which is put by economic science and economic practice in category "market".

Others determine the market as "set of the economic relations concerning purchase and sale of goods by the prices which are established on the basis of interaction of supply and demand as a result of the competition" [4]. Proceeding from this definition, it is possible to allocate four basic elements, forming the market: demand, offer, competition and market price. The way of pricing, by sight authors of this position, is the main external criterion, allowing to carry this or that economy to the market.

Each of the above points of view is rather reasoned and reflects objective reality of the market relations, but shines thus only one of aspects of a problem. The general in these definitions is that the market is understood as category of the sphere of an exchange, instead of productions, act as subjects of the market relations sellers, buyers and consumers.

It is obvious that at the developed form of the commodity relations and presence of the intermediary of trade, the seller and the buyer - absolutely various subjects of the market relations. It is also obvious that commodity-money, market communications aren't settled by aspects of purchase and sale. Moreover, the primacy belongs not to them, to the relations of the sphere of an exchange and the address, and the production relations as exactly the product here is created and there are those economic relations which define this product in what measure become goods in what specifically forms the commodity-money relations will appear. Restriction of a coverage of the market only an exchange deprives the market of its such important qualities, as competitive aspiration to a minimum of expenses, creation of mutually advantageous production communications and others, that is all that does commodity production by more effective in comparison with production in which there is no market and the market relations.

The third position which a number of researchers in respect of definition of essence of the market adheres was as a result created. The market – "the special social and economic structure which main functions is the exchange of products between the isolated producers (on the basis of comparison of expenses of a public and necessary product) and feedback realization between production and consumption or it "self-regulating system of reproduction all elements and which links are under continuous influence of solvent supply and demand" [5]. According to Shedenov U. K. this definition can be added with words: "in the conditions of rigid competitive fight".

In the considered position the market acts as the self-regulator of commodity production – brings its volume and structure into accord with a volume and structure of solvent demand, stimulating decrease in expenses and improvement of quality of a made product.

Thus, the category "market" is used and in classical understanding – as exclusively sphere of the commodity address and necessary reproduction of a cumulative public product, and in treatment of this category as a certain type of functioning of economy and formation of economic communications [6]. The Kazakhstan researchers of problems and tendencies of development of market economy adhere to this position.

The market should be considered in statics as object – influence system, and in dynamics – as system in the course of its development. So far as concerns state regulation of the market, it is object – a sphere of influence and when development of system of the relations and forms exchange of products means, it is process [7].

In a context told, considering regulating role of the state in market economy, the fourth position on "market" definition was created. "The market is that Wednesday in which the valid needs of the potential buyer are studied, the corresponding conditions of production and realization of paid goods, services in the settlement volume and structure under direct and indirect influence of the state realizing the economic role by means of legislative, entrepreneurial and international functions" [8] prepare.

References:

1 Lipsits I.V. Economy without secrets // Russian economic magazine. – 1993, No. 2. – P. 124.

2 Marshal A. Principles of political economy. In 3 v. – M, 1984. - V.2. – 128 p.

3 Dolan E. Lindsey Dzh. Market: microeconomic model – SPb. 1992 . - 496 p.

4 Baturina N., Lukov V. Market: essence, main concepts and structure // Russian economic magazine. – 1993, No. 1. – P. 134 – 140.

5 Volynskii K. Preconditions of transition to market economy // Economic sciences. – 1991, No. 3. – P. 26.

6 Altukhov A.I. Problems of formation and development of the grain market in Russia. – VNISESH m, 1998. – 289 p.

7 Golovotyuk M. Z. Scientific bases of formation regional food market / Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Sib. Office of SIBNIIESKH. – Novosibirsk, 1999. – 187 p.

8 Nurpeisova L.S. Research of the market of bread and bakeries (on materials RK): Thesis abstract edging. ec. sciences. – Almaty, 1998. –35 p.