Lutsenko S.V., Usachev V. A.

Donetsk national university of economics and trade named

after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky

MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN UKRAIN

Ukraine is a wide interval of time throughout which it is quite possible to come to understanding of that where we go in the development. Unfortunately, today the definite answer on the matter isn't present. Uncertainty is the situation which isn't giving in to an assessment, complicating a choice of options of development, behavior of society. In the conditions of uncertainty adoption of the state decisions is subject to risk. The risk is an assessment of probability of an expected event. The assessment can't be absolutely exact. Therefore the state has to use the mechanism of strategic development by means of which it could successfully not only minimize arising risks, but also turn them into competitive advantages. On the basis of a demographic situation it is possible qualitatively and to predict authentically a situation in various social and economic spheres.

The population of Ukraine is steadily reduced because mortality significantly exceeds birth rate. If in the countries of Europe the coefficient of a natural increase of the population fluctuates from –1 to + 1 (on the 1000th population) and mortality is approximately equal to birth rate, in Ukraine this coefficient became negative in 1991, and since then further decreased. In 2000-2003 it was stabilized at the level of-7,5. In two months 2012 the population of Ukraine was reduced even more than by 30 thousand people. As of March 1, 2012 of all in Ukraine officially lived already 45 million 603 thousand 210 people. The number of newborns in January-February of this year made 84 thousand 247 people, and number of the dead - 118 thousand 738 people. And though the main reason for reduction of the population lies in decrease in birth rate, but an important role plays and the increased mortality. The greatest death rate is recorded in Donetsk region and makes 82 thousand 279 people, in Dnepropetrovsk - 58 thousand. 583 people, Lugansk - 44 thousand 139 people, Kharkov - 46 thousand 765 people and Odessa region - 39 thousand 407 people. The smallest - in the Zakarpatye area - 216 people.

Expected life expectancy in Ukraine makes 67 years that is 11 years less, than in EU countries. According to MZ of Ukraine (29.07.2005) in 2004 expected life expectancy of women made 72,9 years, men – 62,1 years. On the norms standard in the world the standard of living is calculated by several main demographic criteria, namely on the total number of the population, its general gain, a natural increase, migration and number of women of reproductive age. The coefficient of child mortality is calculated on a so-called formula Ratsa. The number of children who have died aged about one year shares on number been born in reporting year. The received number is added by the rest from among children who have died aged about one year, subtracted from number been born in previous year and divided then on number been born in previous year. The received figure is multiplied by one thousand.

On this coefficient Ukraine takes the 120th place. High infantile mortality is a sign of a low level of development of society and especially often meets in Third World countries. Depopulation and decrease in a share of the efficient population can lead to disorder of pension system and social security in many developed countries that, in turn, will create the burning political and economic issues.

However the reason of "extinction" of the Ukrainian society is covered and in bad health system of the country. The set of the facts testifies to its inefficiency. For example, according to experts, 82 kopeks are allocated for one patient with the state per day on the average. Unfortunately, for this sum it is simply impossible to render high-quality medical care.

Summing up about the aforesaid, it is possible to claim about lack of cultural education of the Ukrainian society. The main reason for increase in mortality in Ukraine – helplessness, vulnerability of the population, lack of support from the state. In due time to diagnose above-mentioned diseases for the population of Ukraine, doctors advise to carry out target improving campaigns, to inform on risks and to supervise treatment.