D.t.n. Kushnir V.G., k.t.n. Benyukh O.A.
Kostanay state university by A.
Baitursynov, Kazakhstan
The application of water lifts in livestock
It was repeatedly noted that the highly
productive animal husbandry can't be without well organized and good-quality
watering of animals. Watering not only
supports animals in a viable condition, but also promotes increase of a gain of
live weight, a yield of milk and shearing to wool. [1]
To provide the correct mode of a
watering of animals it is necessary to pick up water lift power units
correctly.
Such indicators will have impact on a choice of water lift power units
in the conditions of small-scale livestock farms as:
- single norms and
volume of average daily water consumption on watering place which in turn depend on a season, a species
of animals and their gender and age structure, the general livestock of animals
using this water point;
- possibility of an
block designing of installation with various types of engines that is caused by
that there is a constant rise in prices for thermal energy carriers. [2]
At a choice of water lift power
units it is necessary to consider average daily norms of water consumption of
animals and frequency rate of their watering.
By researches it is established that
average norms of water consumption for cattle and horses are: in the summer -
50 l/day, in the spring and in the fall - 40 l/day, in the winter - 30 l/day;
for adult sheep respectively - 8, 5-6 and 3 l/day. Frequency rate of a watering
of animals per day makes: for cattle (except dairy cows) and horses – in the summer
1-2 times, in the winter - 1 time; for sheep: in the summer - 1-2 times, in the
winter - 1 time per day or 1 time in two days.
For example we will take an abstract
farm in which the general livestock is 150 heads of cattle and 250 sheep.
Knowing average daily norm of water consumption and frequency rate of a
watering of animals it is possible to define an amount of water necessary per
day for a watering of all livestock. We make a calculation from a condition of
summer and frequency rate of a watering equal 2. By results of calculations we
receive that providing the correct watering per day requires 19 m³ of
water.
Let's take a look at positive and
negative sides of application of various types of water elevators and pumps.
Let's choose for comparison the tape water lift ÂËÌ 100-À, the water-suction pump ÂÍ-2Ø, the floating centrifugal
pump ÏÏÍ-25, the vibration water lift ÍÝÁ-1/20, the air-lift water lift ÂÂË
3-50.
The tape water lift ÂËÌ 100-À with a height of water lifting of
7,4-30 m on the average possesses giving 4,5 m3/h, so it will be
able to pump up the demanded volume of water in 4,2 hours. It is necessary to
carry to positive sides of tape water lifts: simplicity of the kinematic scheme
and working body, reliability, ease in operation and maintenance,
maintainability in the conditions of small-scale enterprises, high
profitability of the unit and possibility of its use with the wind engine. It
is necessary to refer fragility of a tape and its freezing to shortcomings at a
temperature is lower - 50C, giving a non pressure, a tape extract.
The water-suction pump ÂÍ-2Ø with a
lifting height 10-35M provides giving on the average 3,6 m3/h, for
giving of a necessary amount of water it should work 5,3 hours. The main
advantage of the water-suction pump - simplicity of the system lowered in a
well, in the absence of rubbing details. Shortcomings – rather big weight, not
full use of working volume of water in a well, sharply expressed dependence of
giving on lifting height, impossibility of work at not density of the valve of
the water-suction device. At free-flow giving the water-suction pump isn't
competitive with the tape water lift ÂËÌ 100-À.
The floating centrifugal pump PPN-25
develops water supply from 2,7 m3/h to 10,8 m3/h. For lifting of a
demanded amount of water it would be required from 1,8 to 7 business hours of
the pump. It is possible to carry to advantages of the unit 60 kg that allows
to mount easily it and to dismantle the small mass of the equipment lowered in
a well on wells without use of lifting mechanisms; ease of warming a well
headroom in a cold season; possibility of pressure head giving from 2 to 6 m
over headroom a well. Shortcomings of centrifugal pumps is the following: the
pump electric motor quickly fails because of high humidity, hit of water and
casual capsizing as the pontoon of the pump has to fall and rise at change of a
water level in a well, these units have a stock of length of a sleeve and a
cable, lowered in the form of loops in a well therefore there is a threat of a
jamming of such loops with capsizing threat. It is possible to note also rather
fast wear of driving wheels and condensing textolite rings especially in the
mineralized waters.
Vibration water lift ÍÝÁ-1/20. Pump
giving - 1-3 m3/h with a height of lifting of 1-20 m. For lifting of
demanded 19 m3 of water the vibration water lift has to work from 1,9 to 6,3 hours. Advantages of the vibration
water lift are: the small weight that allows to mount and to dismantle easily
the water lift from a well, ease of warming a well of the headroom in winter
time. Shortcomings: quickly failing of rubber details.
The air-lift water lift ÂÂË-3-50 possesses giving 3,4 m3/h
with a height of water lifting of 50 m. It allows to lift 19 m3 in 5,6 hours. Advantages of
air lifts: limit simplicity of part lowered in a well; possibility of use of
wells with an operational diameter of 100 mm and more, and also in the bent
wells, besides, long operation of pipes on the mineralized waters - till 7
years when using pipes from plastic or their corrosion-resistant coating. It is
necessary to carry to shortcomings of air lifts: big metal consumption of the
unit, relative complexity of installation and installation dismantle, need of a
big working water column for a well, water lifting equal to height, possibility
of pollution of lifted water compressor oil.
Having carried out the comparative
analysis of the water elevators given above and pumps, it is possible to draw a
conclusion that for water supply of small agricultural producers the tape water
lift ÂËÌ 100-À, because it is simple on a design, maintainable in the
conditions of small workshops is very interesting, carrying out operations of
maintenance doesn't demand the highly skilled service personnel, is well
aggregated with the wind engine that will even more lower costs for its
contents.
Literature
1. Misenev V.S.,
Murashev S.I., Polyakov S.I. i dr. Vodosnabzhenie zhivotnovodcheskikh ferm i
pastbishch.-M.: Kolos, 1974.
2. Tazhibaev L.E.,
Usenko V.S., Nikoladze G.I. i dr. Spravochnik: Pod red. Oleynikova V.N.
Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaistvo. T.7. Selskokhozyaistvennoe vodosnabzhenie.-M.: Agropromizdat, 1992.