Ibraeva N.A., Zhidekulova G.Y., Dzhumabekov
A.A.
Taraz State University named after M. Kh. Dulaty, Kazakhstan
IT-management
of innovative potential of productive
forces
in the region
Perspectives of
further development of Kazakhstan and stability of the economic growth are of
defined by the possibility of the country transition to the innovation way of
development , which is the basis for
getting long-term competitive advantages.
At the present
time investigation in the area of innovation economy is in the initial period
of its development and in a greater or lesser degree oriented at showing up
most topical problems, while variants and methods of their solution have not
been presented in scientific researches. The source of increasing the
innovation potential of the productive forces of the region are intensively
developing information technologies and optimization of innovation processes
management at all the stages of the product life cycle of the production sphere
when the priorities are given to the process of commercialization, transfer and
advancement of innovation in the economy and society.
According to the
results of IT-management of the innovation potential of the economy the
following provisions are worked out: factors of innovation activity of the
enterprises of the country and Zhambyl region are systematized; the strategy of
product and technological innovation management by means of innovation projects
formation with the elaboration of strategic maps of innovation development and
profiles of strategic advantages is worked out; new optimizing models of linear
and dynamic programming and statistic models of investment–innovation
development are created. An appropriate model-program complex is formed and
innovation managerial technologies are offered: the System of balanced data and
Cals-technology, which provide efficiency and competitiveness of the economy.
The main objectives
of the scientific and technical policy are the development of research aimed at
improvement of the quality of life, work out of knowledge-intensive,
resource-saving and wholesome production, oriented at export of high technology
products, stage by stage replacement of primary trend economy by technological,
and technological by intellectual and information and for this purpose training
highly qualified specialists. The main working directives of the state
importance: The strategy of industrial and innovation development of the
Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015, Program for Accelerate Industrial-
Innovation development, a new decree “About science” and annual messages of the
President to the people of Kazakhstan are headed for this aim.
The offered technique of evaluating the innovative potential
of the region is based on defining the innovation capacity and susceptibility
of the region. This method assumes phase analysis of the innovation factors of
the region development and the assessment of the innovative capacity and
susceptibility of the region. On this basis it is possible to define the trends
of the region’s economy development. Extensive factors of the region’s growth
which are connected with the increase of the production due to the growth of
the used resources characterize innovation susceptibility of the region.
Intensive factors of the growth of the region which are connected with the
efficient utilization of resources characterize innovative capacity of the
region. The economic potential of the
region is formed on the basis of the two components: innovation capacity and
susceptibility; these two components enter four main spheres of the region
activity: investment, financial, production and marketing. Production and
marketing force of the region crate the driving force of the region, reflecting
the use of production potential of the region; investment and financial forces
create the possibility for the development of its production potential.
Potential and driving forces create the economic force of the region; the phase
analysis of the innovation factors of the region’s development is made and the
assessment of innovation capacity and susceptibility of the region is defined.
On this basis it is possible to estimate the trend of the region’s development
trend.
In the work regularities,
principles, and factors of location of productive forces of the region are
investigated. Formulation of location regularity, observed or desirable trends
and interrelation in productive forces location are stipulated by the system of
social and economic relationships, the stage of the economic development,
scientific-and-technological advance, and requirements of the economic
rationality.
We refer the following factors to
the most important regularities: 1) rational, most efficient location of
production; 2) Integrated development
economy of the economic areas of the region; 3) efficient territorial division
of labor among the areas of the region and within their territories; 4)
balancing the levels of economic and social development of the region.
In terms of the strategy of
productive forces location the pointed out regularities are normative
requirements or desirable tendencies, which in reality can be not realized (
for example, balancing of the development levels).
At the present stage in the field of agriculture
the problem of optimization of land-utilization and preservation of an
ecological skeleton of natural complexes becomes the most important. The
adaptive-landscape land management, being the main system of agriculture of new
generation, should solve this problem. It provides both the maximal account and
preservation of natural resources, and restriction of the anthropogenous effect, negatively influencing the environment.
At transition to adaptive-landscape agriculture the knowledge of
specificity of the local natural landscape is necessary, for this purpose
creation of extensive spatial and thematic information base is required. A very
significant role while gathering, storage and analyzing the spatial information
is played by geoinformation systems and the geoinformation technologies,
allowing considerably raising the quality of carried out researches. The
geoinformation approach in the field of planning adaptive-landscape systems of
agriculture demands the development of adequate imitating models to which the
authors refer digital models of the area. The development of the automated
methods of processing the spatial information has led to occurrence of a new direction
in modeling - digital modeling.
The object of the
research is territorial natural-agricultural geosystems of a rank of agro
landscapes and agro landscape zones. The object of the research is the analysis
and estimation of spatial structure agro landscapes, their natural-resource
potential, agricultural loading, and degradation processes on the basis of
imitating modeling with use of Geoinformation systems technologies. The purpose
of the work is the analysis and estimation of agro landscapes of the South of
Kazakhstan with the use of use Geoinformation systems for the systems of
adaptive-landscape agriculture.
The primary
goals of the agro landscape system on the basis of the geoinformation approach
are defined:
1. Creation of a bank of the geographical and attributive information on agro
landscape investigated territory.
2. Estimation natural-resource potential of agro landscapes and the degree of
its conformity of agricultural activity.
3. Definition of the level of agricultural loadings on agro landscapes with
use of Geoinformation systems technologies.
4. Estimation of an ecological condition of agro landscapes.
5. Estimation of land resources and ecological danger of use of the land in
agro landscape zones of administrative-territorial belonging with use of
Geoinformation systems -technologies.
6. Development of a complex of industrial, ameliorative and nature protection
actions on modernization of agro landscape systems.
Systems of adaptive-landscape
agriculture rely on the knowledge of specificity of local natural landscapes
and demand the creation of extensive information base. The significant role at
the analysis of the spatial information is played by geoinformation systems.
The scientific and technical progress recognized all over the world as the
major factor of economic development, nowadays even more often is connect with
the concept of innovative process. It is a unique process uniting science,
technology, economy, business and management. It involves development and
realization of innovations ranging from the appearance of the idea to its
commercial realization, thus, covering all complex of relations of manufacture,
exchange and consumption.
In the
industry it is possible to distinguish two models of development: classical and
innovative (venture, the most risky). The first (classical) model is
traditional, reproductive (or routine) the expanded reproduction when there is stable
demand counting upon the maximal feedback of resources. Within the limits of
the given model the commodity concept of development is realized first of all
due to external factors (from subsidizing up to protectionism from the state
bodies) and only in the second turn - due to internal factors (modernization of
technology and the equipment, updating of assortment of products, etc.). The
second model - the innovative development assuming search of new ways by means
of realization of the concept of increasing efficiency on the basis of
investment business-processes, carrying the most risky
(venture) character. The given model assumes constant innovative changes by
planning and realizing portfolio investment projects. The strategic purposes of
development in this case are increase of competitiveness and market value of a
firm.
As experience shows, a starting
point in entrepreneurial career and planning the development of the existing
enterprise or creation of a new one is an idea of a new product or service
which this enterprise will make. The sources of new ideas can be grouped in
five basic groups: consumers; products of competitors; opinions of workers of
sales departments and sales representatives; publications of the government and
archives, patents; scientific researches and experimental and construction work
(research and development).
Volumes of water consumption and
manufactured product by the industry of Kazakhstan for 40 years, confirming the
tendency of growth of gross output and stabilization of water consumption are
analyzed. Thus specific water consumption sharply decreases, that allows
speaking about the increase of technical equipment of reserved and recycling
water supply systems in the industry.
The strategy of innovative
development of the industrial enterprises as obligatory components contains the
following directions: market, product, technologies and results. The direction
"Product" studies the evolution and promotion of a product, a curve of
experience and a product’s road-map. The
economic analysis of product manufacture and realization on the actual data of
industrial enterprises of Zhambyl region and its areas which have a sufficient
potential for innovative development and representing priority branches is
carried out. In the process of development of the market the orientation to the
goods and resources was replaced by the interest to the finance of a firm and
its management.
As a result of realization of
conceptual provisions of IT-management of the region’s productive forces
innovative potential, objective preconditions of the region’s competitive and
effective economy formation are created. Innovative activity is necessarily
accompanied by the estimation of contamination of atmospheric air and
development of information system of calculation and analysis of polluting
substances emissions into the atmosphere. Recommendations on creation of a
unique administrative technology of IT-management of innovative potential
allows to introduce the automated innovative-analytical complex of productive
forces development into the economic practice and to create a new type
laboratory of computer modeling of ecologic-economic systems.
Literature:
1. Ibraeva N.A., Zhidekulova
G.Y., Mustafaev Z.M. Imitation
modeling agro landscape systems on the basis of geoinformation approach.// Innovation technologies in education and training the
staff in natural and technical sciences”
(International scientific and
practical conference) March
30-31, 2008 TarSU, Taraz.
2. Zhidekulova G.Y. Computer software provision
of calculating ecological marginal norm of water
requirement of irrigable land with the application of Geoinformation system -
technology.// Provision of ecological security – the way to steady
development of Kazakhstan (International scientific and practical conference) /February 23-24, TarSU, Almati, 2010.
3. Zhidekulova G.Y. Computer software provision of
analytical monitoring of agro landscape. // Analytical
review /Zhambyl branch of National Center of Scientific and Technical
Information of the RK, 2009.