Медицина/3. Организация здравоохранения

A.Kossumov

Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan

Medical services for trauma patients

in Republic of Kazakhstan

Objectives. Throughout the world, when the needs of injured or ill patients exceeds the capacity of local clinics and hospitals to provide adequate treatment, emergency evacuation by air to the closest well-staffed medical facility is key to saving and preserving life. When there are emergencies and accidents, time plays a special role. Emergency measures and timely assistance can be in this case, to save human life. Therefore, air medical services (medical evacuation) is also used in the majority of accidents and disasters, with severe consequences.

According to the World Health Organization each year worldwide die as a result of injuries 3.5 million. This number is 100-150 times greater than the number of injuries requiring medical care, more than 2 million people injured are permanently disabled.

The economic potential of the country's healthcare system can provide the means of small aircraft. Means of helicopter in Kazakhstan’s healthcare can play a special role, due to low population density and great distances between settlements. In 2010 were 295 flights, on an emergency care received more than 60%. Deaths from injuries, accidents ranked second among causes of death in the Kazakhstan, where most injuries take the lives of young people, working age, especially men.

In Kazakhstan, the incidence of injuries, poisonings and certain other consequences of external causes per 100 thousand population in 2010 was - 125.64. In this index only in Russia (211.2) compared with the Republic of Kazakhstan, and in other countries the index below: CARK - 81.1 and the lowest in Serbia - 44.8.

Every year about 600 thousand people in Kazakhstan received various injuries, including - 22% are children, 8% of teenagers and 70% of adults.

Methods. We retrospectively analyzed all trauma patients for 2003-2010 yrs.

Results. The structure of the localization of injuries over 60% of injured limbs, 16% - head trauma, 7% - chest injuries, 14% - burns and abdominal trauma, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis, 3% - multiple injuries localization (see below on diagram #1).

And also 1,5% - poisoning, 1,2% - complications of surgical and therapeutic interventions and consequences of injuries, poisonings and other external causes, etc.

Trauma are classified as industrial 3,2% of the total injuries (2,4% - industrial, 0,8% - agriculture) and non-industrial - 96,8%. There are everyday trauma – 66,7%, road-traffic – 23,1%, sports – 1,5% and 5,5% - other (see below diagram#2).

Of all the injured persons – 36,9% receive hospital care, 2,7% of which are lose one's life. Over the past years have seen a significant increase in severe combined injuries. With these injuries, 60 to 70% of victims are hospitalized, and half of them die in the first day of treatment.

Diagram#1. The structure of the localization of injuries

Diagram#2. The classification of the trauma types

Conclusions. The tendency of traumatism's growth for 1,3%. On the spot or during transportation die suddenly 82% of victims of accidents. When providing first aid for injury after 30 minutes lost one's life 17% of the victims and the provision of first aid within 45 minutes died 35%. It’s very important to speed up transportation of victims and provide emergency assistance in place.