Historyczne
nauki
Menlibaeva F.B.
Master
student, University "Sirdariya", Kazakhstan
Baynazarova R.A.
The
teacher of middle school named by Sh. Ualikhanov ¹ 2, Kazakhstan
THE
ETHNOGRAPHY OF KAZAKH PEOPLE IN THE CENTRAL ASIA
Kazakh diasporas zhivuschte in different
countries of the world have never forgotten their natsiolnyh basics. When,
around the world, there is a total integration of the socio-economic world, the
process of urbanization, the Kazakhs in Kazakhstan and all over the world are
trying to preserve their ethnic image and find a way. Not easy to have, the
Kazakh diasporas living in another country, in fact, the local flavor is
dominant. For example: the Kazakhs living in Western Europe are limited to
communicate in their own language, in a domestic environment can communicate in
their own language, maintain their national way of life, traditions, and our
faith obychayy. Thinking about your future, the older generation has analyzed
the difficult problems of its diasporas and to Kazakh boy created his Same with
the Kazakh girl. This is not the flip side of nationalism is a clean way of
national patriotism, it is born out of ethno psychological law relationship.
G.M. Mendikulova well Kazakh diasporas
studies, concluded: "Preimutschestvo mono-ethnic marriages in the older
and middle generations of the Kazakh Diaspora in different strata due to the
fact that in the Kazakh among the older generation are not welcome inter ethnic
marriages. More or less spookoyno Kazakhs refer only to marriage with
representatives of the Turkic peoples, because of family roots origin, which in
turn lead to better compatibility and stability in marriage "[1].
Here, the author thinks not only of the
Kazakh people, but in general, all diasporoah with common ethno-psychological
characteristics. It is not only to preserve the unity of nations, but also
preserve harmony and edinistva in everyone's life. Each person can izhit
creators happy family in the world with representatives of other nations.
However, the ethnic linkages in the family, creators can various obstacles in
life. Therefore, it is necessary sohronit kalorita national basis, to find
support from family svoei environment, it is assumed socio-psychological
consciousness. This we cannot blame vimit and drugihb need to treat this with
understanding.
When it comes to the demographic
development of the Kazakh people, I must say, on a variety of complex
historical events in a variety of preservation of the Kazakh people located in other
countries. On the difficulties and problems of the Kazakh Diaspora, spoke not
only of the unity of the state and nizavisimosti it issredovatelsky search,
recovery of social spravidlivosti, correcting mistakes of the past, human
rights and national security. It is necessary, as there uznanat Kazakh diaspora
in the world, when and where, how, because of some reasons, they are
substantiated in other countries, you need to find answers to these questions.
This is the main problem of the demographic policy of our young state.
Diaspora - (from the Greek word)
rassyplatoe development. People razvivshiessya Russia and in other countries,
and a stay in their homeland are immigrants. Those who stand between the two
nations that do not respect national traditions not their own, not other people
are marginalized, children born of inter-ethnic families are metastasis. In
1989 they amounted to 450 thousand people. Those who live on their traditional
lands, but for the time being at territorial to the neighboring countries are -
irredentism. Kazakhs living on territory Uzbekistan, Russia and China are -
irredenttami.
After the collapse of the
Soviet Union and the creation of new state, many Kazakh families remained in
the territory of neighboring states and became our irredentism.
In this case, you need to pay
attention, we believe all the Kazakhs are all that national diasporas and
Kazakh irredentist outside the territory of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs are outside
the territory of Kazakhstan. Kazakhs in Kazakhstan finding out about 5 million
people live on their traditional lands, and about 1.5 Million worldwide.
Ancient Jin Li istoricheskayaterritoriya Kazakhstan is at 4 million square
kilometers. 1,200 sq km? on the territory of Russia (600 thousand sq. km.), Central
Asia (200 thousand sq. km.), China (400 thousand sq. km.). This is the
territory of Turkmenistan is 2.5 or about Kyrgyzstan. Takaya vast territory is
not possible to overpower chislinostyu Kazakhs. On the territory they could be
second in the Russian or the third in China, chevertymi in Asia. [3].
Terms of demographics or
diasporas 80-90 years ago laid the foundation of demographic research.
Diasorologiya - is a channel of big science demografiiyu Diasorologii not given
international recognition as an independent state.
Not today began to study the
Kazakh diaspora and demographics. According to the great anthropologist
Mukhametzhan Tynyshpayev in 19115, the outside of the territory of Kazakhstan,
Russia, China, the Emirate of Bukhara, Chive Khanate in Afghanistan in the
general account are about 700 thousand Kazakhs. In his book vynedshey in 1988,
"Annals of digits," in 1959 a total score of 4,260 thousand, of which
1,485,000 nahodilis outside the territory of the Kazakh SSR. From 1915 to 1959,
researchers in Kazakhstan consider demographic development. Of great importance
is the number of Kazakhs held in all the world, you need to concatenate all the
Kazakhs for the development of the nation-state of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
In the past 20 years there
has been a return of Kazakhs to their historical homeland because of the
socio-political problems, not security stability (closing Kazakh schools,
limiting karernogo growth, unemployment, etc.) In connection with this work in
our country: the Department of Migration, the worldwide community of Kazakhs
"NURLY kosh" - light relocation and other state and public
organizations.
Kazakhs zhivschie in Central
Asia have moved from the Uzbekistani and Karapallakstana in Southern Region of
Turkmenistan in Aktau and Aktobe region. According to government documents were
also relocated and northern regions of the country. The settlers brought in an
additional article of the law on Presidents and their family members should
contact the Centre to pryvyknut to the new order of life. The first center
opened in adaptations Mangyshlanskoy area, as the greatest number of immigrants
in the republic is in this area. In this regard, our President has instructed
the Government of the State, all areas animates of Astana and Almaty to provide
assistance and support to the people themselves pereselivishhsya from other
countries, to show friendliness and provide all the support that they have
merged and lived well in our country. For example, do not place them in different
areas and auli, and give them a territory where they could live with the band.
This will help them to understand and adapt to a new place, to think in new
ways, adopted the tradition and custom of his people, and to show that they are
preserved from his generation.
The Return of the Kazakhs to
their historical homeland is the basis of the strategy through the development
of the Kazakh state. For national development and bezopoasnosti ekonomimiki,
and increasing labor reserve, the President instructed to 2015 will increase
the number of people to 20 million people. To increase the population of the
need to Edit in two ways, which identified demographic science, it's natural
population growth and migration of people from other countries.
To improve the natural growth
of the population, it is necessary to provide public assistance and support:
young, young families, mothers with many children, the younger generation. For
international migration, it is necessary not to limit the issuance of quotas Kazakhs
were resettled from other countries, creates a diplomatic way of migration to
countries where they live Kazakh diasporas, migration should be quick and easy,
relocated to create all the conditions for life[4].
Literature
1. Mendikulova G.M. Istoricheskie sudbi kazakhckoi diaspori. Proisxojdenie
I razvitie. Almti: Gilim, 1997.
2. M.A. Nadel-Cherbinckaya, P.P. Chervinckii. Bolshoi tolkovii slovar
inostrannsx clov. Rostov-na-Donu, t.1,-1995p.
3. Tatimov M. Kazakh diasporasinin etnografiyalik sipattamasi // Kazakh
diasporasi: keshe jane bugin. Astana: Elorda. 2005.
4. Kalshabaeva B.K. Orta Aziya kazakhtari (tarixi-etnografiyalik zertteu).
Tarix gilimdarinin doktori diss. avtoref.-Almati, 2010.