Medicine / 7. Clinical medicine
Sc.D. Zhernov V.A., M.D. Zubarkina
M.M.
Peoples’ Friendship University
of Russia, Russia
Medical
rehabilitation of elderly patients
Resume. In article
application of a hirudoreflexotherapy (HRT), acupuncture (ACU), magnitoreflexotherapy
(MRT) in medical rehabilitation of elderly patients against the medicamentous
treatment (MT) is shown. These methods possess the expressed adaptive effect,
being accompanied increase of the functional reserves (FR) of an organism.
It
is noted that HRT is most effective at patients with an arterial hypertension
of 1 degree (AH1), MRT at patients with an arterial hypertension of 2 degrees (AH2).
Hirudotherapy (from
Latin Hirudo – leech) or bdellotherapy (from Greek “bdella” - leech) is the
medicinal use of leeches and leech-derived products.
In the Russian
Federation, hirudotherapy is officially considered a treatment modality. In 1758, Swedish naturalist
Carl Linnaeus was the first to describe the genus Hirudo.
Hirudo Medicinalis is an endangered
species of the animal kingdom (Red List, 1984), and according to a decision by
ICUN Species Survival Commission, the commercial harvest of these creatures
from natural sources was forbidden in 1997.
In 2006 the International Federation for the Protection and
Promotion of Medicinal Leeches was established in France, of which Mme B.
Latrille is president, G.I. Nikonov (Russia) is vice-president, V.A. Zhernov is
member.
Biology. Physical characteristics.
The Hungarian leech – Hirudo
medicinalis officinalis – has orange stripes along the length of its back
that have an evenly wavy pattern. The belly is olive green, monochrome with
black longitudinal stripes along the sides.
European medicinal
leech – Hirudo medicinalis medicinalis – has thin paired orange
and black stripes along the length of its back that have an evenly wavy pattern
which is filled with black drop-shaped
spots. The belly is olive green with black spots of various shapes.
Eastern medicinal
leech – Hirudo medicinalis orientalis – has a darker green
coloration, with narrow orange stripes along its back, covered in an evenly
spaced pattern with black four-cornered spots. The belly is black with green
spots that are evenly spaced in pairs.
The therapeutic effect
of hirudotherapy consists of a combination of reflex, biological, and mechanical factors.
Hirudotherapy has general, segmental, and local reflectory effects, and also
both local and general effects from the bioactive substances contained in the
saliva of the medicinal leech [1].
Research objective was development of the system of the
differentiated application of HRT, ACU,
MRT for increase of efficiency of medical rehabilitation in complex recovery
correction of FR at elderly to them old patients with AH.
Material and methods.
204 patients
entered into research aged from 60 till 89 years which were distributed on 4
groups depending on therapy:
1 group: HRT+MT,
2nd group: ACU+MT,
3rd group: MRT+MT,
4th group: MT.
Each of groups was
divided into 2 subgroups depending on degree of AH (AH1 and AH2) and age of
patients (advanced age (73±2,1 years and old age (87±2,5 years).
Results of research.
HRT at elderly patients with firmness raised
the FR level by 2,15 times for the 4th day. In the remote results of treatment
in 3 months the FR level remained raised by 2,11 times.
At patients with AH2 HRT with firmness I raised the FR level
by 1,57 times for the 9th day of treatment. This level in the remote results of
treatment remained raised by 1,52 times.
Considering daily
dynamics of the FR level at old patients with AH1 and AH2, noted the increase
of the FR level similar to dynamics of the FR level of elderly patients.
At patients with AH1 the FR level with firmness raised by 1,89 times for
the 4th day of therapy. In the remote results of treatment the FR level
remained with firmness raised by 1,85 times.
At patients with AH2
for the 9th day of therapy the FR level by 1,47 times with firmness raised, in
the remote results permanent increase of the FR level remained by 1,43 times.
For the 6th day of treatment of ACU with firmness I raised the
FR level of elderly patients by 1,98 times. In 3 months the FR level remained
raised by 1,93 times.
At patients with
AH2 for the 7th day of therapy of ACU with firmness I raised the FR level by
1,65 times. This FR in the remote results of treatment remained raised by 1,60
times.
At old patients with AH1 permanent increase of the FR level by
1,87 times is revealed for the 6th day of therapy. In the remote results of
treatment the FR level remained with firmness raised by 1,82 times.
Patients with AH2 have a FR level for the 7th day of therapy
with firmness raised by 1,58 times, in the remote results its permanent
increase remained by 1,54 times.
At MRT at elderly patients with AH1 the FR level was with
firmness raised 1,85 times for the 7th day. In the remote results in 3 months
the FR level remained raised by 1,81 times.
At patients with AH2 the FR level with firmness raised by 1,74
times for the 6th day. In 3 months the FR level remained raised by 1,71 times.
At patients of old age with AH1 permanent increase of the FR
level by 1,71 times is revealed for the 7th day of treatment. In the remote
results in 3 months of treatment this level remained with firmness raised by
1,65 times.
At patients with AH2 the FR level with firmness raised by
1,69 times for the 6th day. In 3 months its permanent increase remained by 1,64
times.
Conclusions.
1 Application of the HRT, ACU, MRT non-drug
technologies for patients of elderly and old age promotes essential increase in
the FR level of an organism which more depends on weight of pathological
process and practically isn't defined by age of patients.
2 . Regardless of
age HRT was most effective at patients
with AH1, and MRT at patients with AH2.
Literature
1. Zhernov
V.A., Zubarkina M.M.
Hirudotherapy. M: PFUR. 2012. – 48 p.