Педагогические
науки /
4.Стратегические направления реформирования системы образования
Kudryashev Alexander Fedorovich, Doctor of Philosophy , Professor,
Head
of the Department of Philosophy and History of
Science, Bashkir State University, Russia;
Elkhova Oksana Igorevna,
Doctor of
Philosophy ,
associate professor, Department of Philosophy and History of
Science, Bashkir State University, Russia
TENDENCY HIGHER
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
In the model of higher education in Russia half a century ago pawned the
purpose of specialist training in a specific area of professional activity with
a stock of basic knowledge. This store of knowledge should be enough to ensure
that the university could graduate to continuously improve the level of
knowledge and to ensure their continuing education. Currently, graduates have
enough static set of skills. Existing technology is continuously being improved
and continue to evolve , and this knowledge quickly becomes obsolete and
require constant updating. From college graduates must have the ability to
actively pursue learning and dynamically adapt to changing circumstances, it is
inconceivable without the creative part . Among the students were always
talented people who are prone to creativity and self- discoveries.
The
essence of higher education in this model lies
in the fundamental knowledge taught. The
specifics of fundamental education is that
it provides its continuation. The combination of
classic, now traditional knowledge with
the knowledge of modern scientific achievements ensures the
necessary basic level of education. The
depth of knowledge acquired during the training, provides
the breadth of vision of the graduate and
the amount realized in the subsequent years, the
life of his creativity.
The fundamental nature of the required level should be provided by a solid
training academics, especially the faculty. University teachers should be
knowledgeable in the most pressing questions of his subject and in existing
approaches to solving them. They are called to be creative individuals who are
involved in the development of science. This was to witness the various
qualification certificates, such as the awarding of academic degrees, the
presence continually replenished list of scientific publications, participation
in conferences and other academic activities. People
who are included as elements in the educational process humanize them have the
fact of his presence, inspiring educational process. The system of university education permeates the
human factor at different levels: at the level of
learning objectives, the number of students, the teaching staff, administrative
and managerial level, and finally, at
the level of the content of the subjects taught and the
prevailing tradiytsy. Necessary part of the educational process is traditionalism, the rejection of traditionalism entails grave consequences. Namely, produced radically reform may lead
to a decline in the quality of education and cause
chaos throughout the education system.
Now there is a reorganization of
the system of higher education in Russia, which resulted in the transfer is a two-tier university system
of training: Bachelor's and Masters Degree, introduced testing and is
spreading rapidly rating system work students
and teachers. Every innovation is a complex, time-consuming
process that requires serious reflection. Under the innovation should be
understood targeted innovations that cause the formation of a transition from
one qualitative state to another, higher level. Innovations in high school
should be a sort of repair old buildings, such repairs allows the system to
function effectively in a changing environment
The reforms, which are produced in higher education in recent decades, is
estimated by some researchers as its destruction. Tragically, many of the innovations,
made in Russia in the system of higher education at the moment, are not well
developed in the methodological sense. The most common mistakes in the
design of reforms: the goal is often an end in itself with no problem. A very
important phase of evaluation of the reforms: to track changes made to carry
out a deep analysis of the effectiveness of innovation. It
is clear that reform without a clearly defined goals is a harbinger of the big
problems. A very important phase of assessing results of the reforms: to track
changes made to carry out a deep analysis of the effectiveness of the reforms. Need to focus on long-term development, and only on this
basis that simulate new changes. However, unfortunately, most innovations in
higher education are made almost spontaneously, without objective peer
review of previous reforms.
Higher
education in Russia at the present time is in a deep crisis:
the level of training of graduates is
falling, it is significantly lower than in
the past. Now, graduates do not get fundamental
education that would guarantee them a real possibility
of its continuous extension, specification and
specialization. This is evidenced, for example, statistical research
in recent years.
Delivered a
few years ago at the heart of the Russian education thesis
is to «bring the consumer who is able to
enjoy the benefits and technologies developed by others» only aggravates the situation.
This thesis was
initiated in the last decade, the
statement «consumer society» dominated by material needs. We
refer here to the words of the former Minister
of Education A.A. Fursenko: «The disadvantage of the Soviet education system was an attempt to
form a human creator, and now the
challenge is to nurture a qualified customer, able to skillfully use
the results of the creativity of others» [quoted by 1, p.4].
The above orientation has the
effect of a number of negative factors, which lead to immediate problems in the
sphere of education, people-to-consumer to replace the man-creator, which is
unlikely to take place in a rapidly changing professional world today.
What
will a higher education? In the end, the
preparation of consumer wealth. Classical universities as prestigious
educational institutions that provide the most fundamental
education, its leading position in the
higher education system must give technical institutes. It
seems to be the most gifted young people may
well find itself in the field of technical
creativity and prestige should be the appropriate specialty applications. But
the general trend of development of Russian education casts
doubt on this perspective. It seems that
it was not technical colleges, and universities such
as service institutions will be a
guide for applicants.
LITERATURE
1.
Шаракшанэ С. Авторы стандартов не видят будущего страны. Уточнение предмета
экспертизы // Российская философская газета, № 4(54), апрель 2011.