The humorous
stories of Ospankhan Aubakirov
Adilet Kabylov
Sh. Esenov
Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Abstract: The famous Kazakh satirist Ospankhan joined to the literature at the
beginning of the 1960's and since that moment, he devoted all his entire time
to the literature, to write stories and became well-known with his ferocious
satire. He wrote a lot of poems, proses, play writings and dedicated some
storybooks to the children. He also translated compositions of pleasant writers
to Kazakh language. The main subject of his satire is about humanity, morality
and upbringing. In his works, he mocks and makes fun of bad human behavior and
bad lifestyle, especially such as drunkenness, gossip, envy, chicanery, subservience,
philistinism, voracity, the lack of the culture, boasting, hooliganism, eyewash
and etc…
Key
words: O. Aubakirov,
Kazakh satire, humor, irony.
Introduction: Ospankhan's literary heritage is wide plentiful. He wrote compositions
in all genre of satire, in addition, he also translated the best works of
famous satirists such as "The letter from the winding sheet-by Aziz Nesin,"My
biography" by B. Nusic "City of cats" by Loa Tzu,
"Munchausen stories" by Erick Raspe.
Ospankhan made an ideological accurate translations
appropriately to our Kazakh language, to our particular and tried to harmonize
humorous stories with proper singularity. That's why his translations are
simply and light, that you can easily read and understand them, as they are the
Kazakh original works. Generally, we can divide Ospanhkan's satire and humor
into 3 groups:
1) First, Kazakh oral literature and satire of Abai,
hence Kazakh oratorical speeches of Suyinbay and Zhambyl
2) Second, the greatest writers such as Zhansygirov,
Tuleshov, Mailin, Musirepov, Tokmaganbetov, and their greatest works, humors
made a considerable contribution to the development of the satire as a literary
one
3) Third, the well – known works and literary
description methods of foreign and Russian satirists, especially the literary
works of Chehov, Gogol, Zoshenko, Ardov, Gashek, Tven, Nesin. And Ospankhan
took into account all their methods of working, developing them more and more, became famous and riched the pick
of his fame.
All
works, stories, compositions of Ospankhan are special and important ones.
Ospankhan wrote little stories about annoyances and
disappointments which take place in social places («Loony Letter», “Hello! Are
You fool?”, “The bag of flour”), about laziness, inattention to the work (“Wort
home”) but basically, he did not particularly found of writing stories on this
topic.
Satirist’s original elements of work were the nasty
character of man’s nature, human behavior, human soul and the bad parenting of
people.
Problem statement: Ospankhan’s the best and
the glorious type of work is statistical, humorous stories. The host of the
gold pen – Ospankhan bothered and worked a lot on this satirical-humorous genre
and showed everybody the inimitable talent of the great satirist.
With his unique, unrepeatable stylistic manner of
writing compositions, he left an indelible mark behind. Writer, in his stories,
exposes all bad human characters such as drunkenness, cowardice, ignorance,
lies, voracity, and irresponsibility. All these factors are treated with the
satire (literature) and will be treated in future too.
But every writer has its own way, own method to
describe humorous compositions, which may be different in art feature or in
ideological part. The artistic-aesthetic and the social-ideological features of
the satire and humor depend only on the mastery and resourcefulness of the
writer.
Negligence, greediness, drunkenness, lies, ignorance,
boasting are all the bad characters of human, which we can find in Ospankhan’s
stories: for example: clumsy father who fainted his son , trying to teach him
alphabet and Math, called “Faulty Math”, also stories about greedy butcher who
couldn’t sleep at night because of the –cheap sold guts and liver, called “Let
it go away or Just let it”, and interesting stories about eloquent people who
may easily praise you ,that you will be in seventh heaven, called “Birthday»,
«Hello Grandfather!”
Ospankhan often uses personages from simple people of
working class: office workers, dogma tics, farmers, drunkenness and so on. The
heart of his stories is to expose, mock and make fun of all unpleasant people
and things.
The distinctive feature of his works and stories is to
make reader to smile and intrigue him from the beginning of the story till the
end of it.
His satire is full of resourceful thoughts, words,
situations and all view of them.
Ospankhan describes situations in direct and or in indirect form to make
the story more interesting. For example, in the humorous story called “Sugar”
he exposes people who show subservience before the “so-called - people with
green”. If one of that rich men fall down, then 40-50 toadies would fall
upright down too. The basic topic of Ospankhan’s art is –the word and picture
of it. In humorous compositions writer must make people to smile and make them
to want to read the story more and more.
For example we can take his story about the boy in
prison, where he tried to talk to someone but his voice through the poor telephone
is heard too badly.
The Works of satire need so many humorous, funny situations. They reveal
the meaning and help to develop a really good story and make people to smile.
Ospankhan
is the mastery of making sudden decisions, he always reincarnate the situation.
Ospankhan’s literary world is so rich; it shows us his wise literary
thoughts.
Satirist is the “jack of all hands” who can change the
word, sentence, situation, method of his writing so, that, you will want to
read more and more.
But all that features of writing are based on only truth.
The methods like hyperbola, caricature, and fantastic are always further to the
reality.
Consequently Ospankhan is one of the writers who
really know how to work with the “gold pen”.
M. Bakhtin: ` Most of
the websites become an active expression evolution, coloring all aspects of speech;
scolding words, caresses, indifferently belittling, decorate, etc…The writer
used different activities and coloring processes to clear up the irony in his
creations [1,65]. The mystery of
Ospankhan`s humor is using a very rich and literary language. We are readers
know that only rich language makes real humor without doubt.
Ospankhan always uses
repetitions, word pairs and homogeneous terms. Application of
these words spelled with grading stress, and it helps to exaggerate the
main idea.
The word Character is
the writer`s main implement to write his artistic image. Ospankhan`s
character`s words help us to know their existence and their behavior.
When we read Aubakirov`s
works at first we notice the national signs of comic. Writers every story
describes Kazakh people’s behavior – existence. It helps us to acknowledge the
national description of laugh. The
humors national color appears in the
writer’s works. The stories reason and meaning, situational position, the
character`s existence, word and deed, all of these consist with Kazakh
traditional and it seems with real national position.
He is the master of
doing a satirical portrait. He describes every person`s portrait in funny way
which deserved themselves activity. He leads character`s appearance and
behavior with humor. The writer used
hyperbole in his portraits; also he added caricatures and cartoon (grotesque)
pictures.
When a satirist
described the person’s internal psychology, he showed that the vice can be
objectionable and absurd. Ospankhan invented
the connecting between psychology and human psyche with social truth. He did
not describe it only in one way, he conveyed it by satire-humorous way, cunning
language and by funny pictures.
Aubakirov known as the
leader and intellectual person who hated personal qualities as flatter and
duplicity, chatter and thoughtless, trash and avid, deception and uncanny. He
ruined when he saw these personal qualities in his life. He never uses the
sarcasm, shout or reproach in his struggles.
He said that the way to tell the truth to people with shying them, it is
not the useful way .The main idea of writer`s work - to reason people to be
sober-minded. He elucidated all his
ideas with laughing people, and he did not use any rules of the socialist’s
society.
Reasonable mockery based on informative
speech is main key to choose the right humanistic way of life, refusing all bad
behaviors – as V.A.Jukovski properly says: in philosophical
persuading one of the most influencing for the conservatism and exposing the
defects is the mockery [108,8]. The proof to it – is our
“bii”,speakers’,sages’and our peoples’experience, in which they valued Kazakh
words and lifelong advices. All
over the world every thinkers’ and orators’ life can be real example of it.
Therefore writer reflects his objection to nonentity in works by satirical
language, mostly showed by joyful and sad humor. Like a painter he provided all
satiric shade like humorous words, hints, words with an
implication masterfully.In his works the sharpness
of humor honed step by step and presented with lyrics: from mockery to irony,
from irony to gibe, from gibe to bitter truth or to bitter humor he moves very masterfully. The irony is based on the use of tne positive characteristic at external
level, implying at in the inner, hidden level the negative one. This is due to
the fact that a positive judgment relates to the norm and the critical -to the
exceptions [109].
Results: Bitter humor was O.Aubakirov’s main stylistic key to cognize the world and
its’ spicificity throught the art.Satiric and lyric humor was inheren in
Ospanhan’s style. He harmonized humor and mastered it’s specificity, so“he reported our life’s truth and trick by humor”
Ospankhan – is the writer, who discovered and cognized the mystery of
humor in literature. Life’s nuances he presents with interesting unexpected methods, in
different cases;this causes the reader emottionnaly rejoyce.
Sharpness and acrimony of the language represents not only satiric hero’s appearance and psychology, also
shows emotion and behavoir. Especially, author uses profitably simple words to report the humorous
case. He describes apparition step by step increasingly and image supplementary.
We can see Artists appraisal and subjective aesthetic view real about vital
spark’s dangerous, uncomfortable sight from his mockery. Irony, how says I.V.Gete
“as pinch of salt” that gives savor for his satires [111.201].
Conclusion. Ospankhan exaggerates a lot in
his satires.How many deficiency he show it influence that his reader disgusted
from he, thus it was arsenal of satirist grotesk and hyperbola.Writer used hyperbola to increase comedy description and get used to random case and funny action of life. “For the time being I
haven’t seen him better satirist”, – said K.Mukhamedzhanov[109]. With help of hyperbola things and phenomenon`s
quantity and quality increase, in existence directs our gaze and shows a
close-up unnoticed and puts to the fore. Consequently our gaze directs to
things and phenomena properties, and we can see funny sight of it.
He did not bother to search beautiful words to
do his composition better.Using words promptness and proverbs in the
vernacular,he makes people laughing. “ He is a master of words and songs written specifically for the stage
which has no comparisons” [,107] Î.Aubakirov`s compositions language is formed by his basic
material and his thought, psychology and outlook and satires representation in
his composition.
Ospankhan shows our Kazakh languages rich
points with satire –humor way in written literature. The differences in writers
works is an easy meaning and simplicity. He works hard to improve humor literature in artistic style.
References
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Moscow, 1975, 502 p.
2. Zarev P. The Ideal, modernity, and the world's
literary context / / Foreign Literature, 1978. ¹ 11, p. 198-207.
3. Mukhamedzhanov K., The Selected works 3 vole, Almaty, 1998, p.416 .
4. Berd³kulov S. The hero of humor - Aubak³rov Ospankhan / / Zhas Alash,
5.04.1994.
5. The Satire of Russian poets in the first half of
the XIX century. Anthology, Moscow, 1984. p.256.
6. Sperber, D. and D. Wilson. Les Ironies Comme
Mentions (As Legal Ironies). Idid, pp: 410.