The humorous stories of Ospankhan Aubakirov

 

Adilet Kabylov

 Sh. Esenov Caspian State University of Technology and Engineering, Aktau, Kazakhstan

 

Abstract: The famous Kazakh satirist Ospankhan joined to the literature at the beginning of the 1960's and since that moment, he devoted all his entire time to the literature, to write stories and became well-known with his ferocious satire. He wrote a lot of poems, proses, play writings and dedicated some storybooks to the children. He also translated compositions of pleasant writers to Kazakh language. The main subject of his satire is about humanity, morality and upbringing. In his works, he mocks and makes fun of bad human behavior and bad lifestyle, especially such as drunkenness, gossip, envy, chicanery, subservience, philistinism, voracity, the lack of the culture, boasting, hooliganism, eyewash and etc…

Key words: O. Aubakirov, Kazakh satire, humor, irony.

 

Introduction: Ospankhan's literary heritage is wide plentiful. He wrote compositions in all genre of satire, in addition, he also translated the best works of famous satirists such as "The letter from the winding sheet-by Aziz Nesin,"My biography" by B. Nusic "City of cats" by Loa Tzu, "Munchausen stories" by Erick Raspe.

Ospankhan made an ideological accurate translations appropriately to our Kazakh language, to our particular and tried to harmonize humorous stories with proper singularity. That's why his translations are simply and light, that you can easily read and understand them, as they are the Kazakh original works. Generally, we can divide Ospanhkan's satire and humor into 3 groups:

1) First, Kazakh oral literature and satire of Abai, hence Kazakh oratorical speeches of Suyinbay and Zhambyl

2) Second, the greatest writers such as Zhansygirov, Tuleshov, Mailin, Musirepov, Tokmaganbetov, and their greatest works, humors made a considerable contribution to the development of the satire as a literary one

3) Third, the well – known works and literary description methods of foreign and Russian satirists, especially the literary works of Chehov, Gogol, Zoshenko, Ardov, Gashek, Tven, Nesin. And Ospankhan took into account all their methods of working,  developing them more and more, became famous and riched the pick of his fame.

All works, stories, compositions of Ospankhan are special and important ones.

Ospankhan wrote little stories about annoyances and disappointments which take place in social places («Loony Letter», “Hello! Are You fool?”, “The bag of flour”), about laziness, inattention to the work (“Wort home”) but basically, he did not particularly found of writing stories on this topic.

Satirist’s original elements of work were the nasty character of man’s nature, human behavior, human soul and the bad parenting of people.

Problem statement: Ospankhan’s the best and the glorious type of work is statistical, humorous stories. The host of the gold pen – Ospankhan bothered and worked a lot on this satirical-humorous genre and showed everybody the inimitable talent of the great satirist.

With his unique, unrepeatable stylistic manner of writing compositions, he left an indelible mark behind. Writer, in his stories, exposes all bad human characters such as drunkenness, cowardice, ignorance, lies, voracity, and irresponsibility. All these factors are treated with the satire (literature) and will be treated in future too.

But every writer has its own way, own method to describe humorous compositions, which may be different in art feature or in ideological part. The artistic-aesthetic and the social-ideological features of the satire and humor depend only on the mastery and resourcefulness of the writer.

Negligence, greediness, drunkenness, lies, ignorance, boasting are all the bad characters of human, which we can find in Ospankhan’s stories: for example: clumsy father who fainted his son , trying to teach him alphabet and Math, called “Faulty Math”, also stories about greedy butcher who couldn’t sleep at night because of the –cheap sold guts and liver, called “Let it go away or Just let it”, and interesting stories about eloquent people who may easily praise you ,that you will be in seventh heaven, called “Birthday», «Hello Grandfather!”

Ospankhan often uses personages from simple people of working class: office workers, dogma tics, farmers, drunkenness and so on. The heart of his stories is to expose, mock and make fun of all unpleasant people and things.

The distinctive feature of his works and stories is to make reader to smile and intrigue him from the beginning of the story till the end of it.

His satire is full of resourceful thoughts, words, situations and all view of them.

Ospankhan describes situations in direct and or in indirect form to make the story   more interesting. For example, in the humorous story called “Sugar” he exposes people who show subservience before the “so-called - people with green”. If one of that rich men fall down, then 40-50 toadies would fall upright down too. The basic topic of Ospankhan’s art is –the word and picture of it. In humorous compositions writer must make people to smile and make them to want to read the story more and more.

For example we can take his story about the boy in prison, where he tried to talk to someone but his voice through the poor telephone is heard too badly.

The Works of satire need so many humorous, funny situations. They reveal the meaning and help to develop a really good story and make people to smile.

Ospankhan is the mastery of making sudden decisions, he always reincarnate the situation.

Ospankhan’s literary world is so rich; it shows us his wise literary thoughts.

Satirist is the “jack of all hands” who can change the word, sentence, situation, method of his writing so, that, you will want to read more and more.

But all that features of writing are based on only truth. The methods like hyperbola, caricature, and fantastic are always further to the reality.

Consequently Ospankhan is one of the writers who really know how to work with the “gold pen”.

M. Bakhtin: ` Most of the websites become an active expression evolution, coloring all aspects of speech; scolding words, caresses, indifferently belittling, decorate, etc…The writer used different activities and coloring processes to clear up the irony in his creations [1,65]. The mystery of Ospankhan`s humor is using a very rich and literary language. We are readers know that only rich language makes real humor without doubt.

Ospankhan always uses repetitions, word pairs and homogeneous terms. Application of these words spelled with grading stress, and it helps to exaggerate the main idea.

The word Character is the writer`s main implement to write his artistic image. Ospankhan`s character`s words help us to know their existence and their behavior.

When we read Aubakirov`s works at first we notice the national signs of comic. Writers every story describes Kazakh people’s behavior – existence. It helps us to acknowledge the national description of laugh.  The humors   national color appears in the writer’s works. The stories reason and meaning, situational position, the character`s existence, word and deed, all of these consist with Kazakh traditional and it seems with real national position.

He is the master of doing a satirical portrait. He describes every person`s portrait in funny way which deserved themselves activity. He leads character`s appearance and behavior with humor.  The writer used hyperbole in his portraits; also he added caricatures and cartoon (grotesque) pictures.

When a satirist described the person’s internal psychology, he showed that the vice can be objectionable and absurd.  Ospankhan invented the connecting between psychology and human psyche with social truth. He did not describe it only in one way, he conveyed it by satire-humorous way, cunning language and by funny pictures.

Aubakirov known as the leader and intellectual person who hated personal qualities as flatter and duplicity, chatter and thoughtless, trash and avid, deception and uncanny. He ruined when he saw these personal qualities in his life. He never uses the sarcasm, shout or reproach in his struggles.  He said that the way to tell the truth to people with shying them, it is not the useful way .The main idea of writer`s work - to reason people to be sober-minded.  He elucidated all his ideas with laughing people, and he did not use any rules of the socialist’s society.

         Reasonable mockery based on informative speech is main key to choose the right humanistic way of life, refusing all bad behaviors – as V.A.Jukovski properly says: in philosophical persuading one of the most influencing for the conservatism and exposing the defects is the mockery [108,8]. The proof to it – is our “bii”,speakers’,sages’and our peoples’experience, in which they valued Kazakh words and lifelong advices. All over the world every thinkers’ and orators’ life can be real example of it. Therefore writer reflects his objection to nonentity in works by satirical language, mostly showed by joyful and sad humor. Like a painter he provided  all satiric shade like humorous words, hints, words with an implication masterfully.In his works the sharpness of humor honed step by step and presented with lyrics: from mockery to irony, from irony to gibe, from gibe to bitter truth or to bitter humor he moves very masterfully. The irony is based on the use of tne positive characteristic at external level, implying at in the inner, hidden level the negative one. This is due to the fact that a positive judgment relates to the norm and the critical -to the exceptions [109].

Results: Bitter humor was O.Aubakirov’s main stylistic key to cognize the world and its’ spicificity throught the art.Satiric and lyric humor was inheren in Ospanhan’s style. He harmonized humor and mastered it’s specificity, so“he reported our life’s truth and trick by humor       

Ospankhan – is the writer, who discovered and cognized the mystery of humor in literature. Life’s nuances he presents with interesting unexpected methods, in different cases;this causes the reader emottionnaly rejoyce.

Sharpness and acrimony of the language represents not only  satiric hero’s appearance and psychology, also shows  emotion and behavoir. Especially, author uses profitably simple words to report the humorous case. He describes apparition step by step increasingly and image supplementary.

We can see Artists appraisal and subjective aesthetic view real about vital spark’s dangerous, uncomfortable sight from his mockery. Irony, how says I.V.Gete “as pinch of salt that gives savor for his satires [111.201].

 

Conclusion. Ospankhan exaggerates a lot in his satires.How many deficiency he show it influence that his reader disgusted from he, thus it was arsenal of satirist grotesk and hyperbola.Writer used hyperbola to increase comedy description  and get used to random case and funny action of life. “For the time being I haven’t seen him better satirist”, – said K.Mukhamedzhanov[109]. With help of hyperbola things and phenomenon`s quantity and quality increase, in existence directs our gaze and shows a close-up unnoticed and puts to the fore. Consequently our gaze directs to things and phenomena properties, and we can see funny sight of it.

He did not bother to search beautiful words to do his composition better.Using words promptness and proverbs in the vernacular,he makes people laughing. He is a master of words and songs written specifically for the stage which has no comparisons” [,107] Î.Aubakirov`s compositions language is formed by his basic material and his thought, psychology and outlook and satires representation in his composition.

Ospankhan shows our Kazakh languages rich points with satire –humor way in written literature. The differences in writers works is an easy meaning and simplicity.  He works hard to improve humor literature in artistic style.

 

References

1. Bakhtin M. Problems of Literature and Aesthetics, Moscow, 1975, 502 p.

2. Zarev P. The Ideal, modernity, and the world's literary context / / Foreign Literature, 1978. ¹ 11, p. 198-207.

3. Mukhamedzhanov K., The Selected works 3 vole, Almaty, 1998, p.416 .

4. Berd³kulov S.  The hero of humor - Aubak³rov Ospankhan / / Zhas Alash, 5.04.1994.

5. The Satire of Russian poets in the first half of the XIX century. Anthology, Moscow, 1984. p.256.

6. Sperber, D. and D. Wilson. Les Ironies Comme Mentions (As Legal Ironies). Idid, pp: 410.