D.t.n. Kushnir V.G., k.t.n. Benyukh O.A.
Kostanay state university by A.
Baitursynov, Kazakhstan
Cost savings of
mechanized water lift
When
comparing the results of laboratory tests and the data given in the
instructions manual water lifting units are defined parameter deviations from
design data.
During
production testing Fixed time and downtime, outages and causes problems, the
amount raised by the installation and discharge water, the volume and nature of
work troubleshooting breakdowns, the lubrication conditions at the sites of
installation. After the end of seasonal work in order to determine the
technical condition of cars conduction final examination.
One of the reserves to reduce the cost of
mechanization of lifting water in a pasture - the use of renewable sources
which are currently most developed in practical terms, is wind power.
The work of wind water-lifting systems is
greatly influenced by the speed and magnitude of the wind. Evaluated and
used to work the automatic control system and the orientation of the wind
direction.
Modern designs of wind turbines with a
rotor diameter of 3...4 m allow for the design wind speed of 7...8 m/s, to receive power about 1...2 kWt,
which is perfectly acceptable for the practice of technical, economic and
operational performance [1,2].
The main factor determining the feasibility of wind-water lifting
plants - wind power characteristics. In performan research data on wind
conditions, which were obtained in the process.
The yearly average is only an approximate criterion for
evaluating the applicability of the wind in the area. The most important
to know the rates of recurrence, as it characterizes the wind energy side.
To determine the values of wind speed in the pastures were used materials 10...15 - year
observations from meteorological stations. The processing of these
materials obtained data on annual average, and the average monthly-averaged
wind speeds.
The use of wind energy is considered promising in areas where the
average annual wind speed is greater than 3,5...4 m/s [1,2].
Equally important is the daily intensity of wind speeds. For
material weather and our observations revealed that the most part, the pasture
area to 13 hours is an amplification of wind speed.
In studying the possibility of using wind energy for water
lifting mechanization should take into account changes in the mean wind speed
by season. On-averaged wind speeds can be more accurate to determine the
possibility of using wind in the area.
In
importance during the onset of the minimum intensity of wind energy, the
relative deviation of the intensity in the different seasons of the long-term
nature and the seasonal variability of the wind. These factors have been
studied in detail. It should be noted that the maximum intensity of the
wind on the territory of Kazakhstan is observed in the spring, and the lowest -
in the autumn season. The maximum relative deviation of the intensity of
the long-term average wind speed, according to the most weather takes place in
the autumn season.
We handled weather station observations, which showed increased
wind speeds. However, the start time and enhancing its extension to
determine on their basis is impossible. It is believed that at the time of
observation every four winds continued for 6 hours According to our
observations, the increased wind speed starts at about 6...7 hours. Am and
lasts for 14...16 hours.
If you know the zero wind speed at which the unit will operate,
according to the data of wind speed measurements for every hour you can
determine the time of wind-water-lifting systems. For example,
if V0 = 4 m/s plant in the summer during the day will be
run for 12 hours, and in the fall - 9 pm. These data confirm once again the
thought of the possibility of using low-power wind-water lifting units in the
system of mechanized water in pastures. In practice, it is proved that,
thanks to daylight increased wind speeds, low-speed wind turbine with a
water-pump belt at-averaged wind speeds of 2,5 m/s provides water to a flock of
sheep 750…800 head.
For efficient use of wind turbines is essential the wind
speed V0, at which they begin to work. This is especially important
in the pastures where the average annual wind speed is 2,5 to 4,5 m/s.
A comparison of the calculated and the actual frequency-averaged
wind speeds for wind speeds (summer and autumn seasons) gave the following
correlation coefficients: for the summer season – 0,98, for the fall – 0,97. Since
the coefficients are high, according to the equations [3], we can calculate not only the annual frequency of wind speed
operating, but the seasonal recurrence.
The prospect of wind energy depends on the maximum duration of
working and non-working periods of wind turbines. So important is the
nature of alternation of working and non-working wind speeds. Because
regardless of the duration of calm, cattle grazing should be provided with
water, the wind turbine during periods of working wind speed must store water
for a period of calm. Duration of the period with non-working wind speed -
one of the factors that allow to determine the approximate volume of the
storage tank for water.
From the above it can be tentatively concluded that a large part
of the territory of Kazakhstan there are favorable conditions for the use of
low-power wind-water-lifting systems. However, for a final decision to
determine the production of energy or the total water supply units for
different values of average annual wind speeds and to compare these data with the
required water demand. Only then can confidently talk about the
possibility of practical application of some type wind turbine. The total
production of wind turbines, despite the marginal water sources is high, so in
almost all cases, consumers are provided with water, if the population is less
than 1000 individuals.
According to the research of the wind regime and calculated data
in a large pasture area there are favorable conditions for the use of wind
energy to the mechanization of water rise from water sources.
Literature
1. Shefter Ya.I.
Vetroenergeticheskie agregaty. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1972.
2. Ispytaniya
selskokhozyaistvennoi tekhniki. Vodopodemniki statsionarnye. Programma i metodika ikh
ispytaniya. Ost. 70.21.1-74. Ì., 1975.
3. Shefter Ya.I. Ispolzovanie
energii vetra. Ì.: Energiya, 1975.