Marinova A.A., master student

Irkutsk National Research Technical University

Development of isolated systems based on SMARTGRID technology.

Demand for electric energy will never run dry, as the electrical energy is the most consumed energy in the world. This is due to population and economic growth in developing countries. World energy reserves are insufficient to satisfy rapidly growing consumer demand. The increase in energy demand is exacerbating environmental problems.

Wind power plants, micro hydropower plants, solar panels for electricity production in small volumes are gradually replacing the conventional, traditional technologies in various industries. This can be called distributed generation (DG). Most governments are supporting the development of renewable sources of energy for environmental reasons. It contributes to the development of technologies of DG and their connections with power grids. Unfortunately, the stochastic nature of the production of electricity by the majority of such facilities (their high dependence on weather conditions) has a significant impact on the behavior of electric power systems as a whole.

Such a situation requires a shift from the traditional concept of power saving to the new one. Traditional concept of the production of electricity consists of four levels: production, transmission, distribution and consumption. The new concept of power generation takes place not only at the first level, so the energy flow is unidirectional.

Under changing loads and predominance of centralized generation with high power there is an increase of loss and hence reduces reliability of the system.

Distributed generation also has many advantages, such as high fuel efficiency, short construction time, modular installations and low emissions, which contribute to their growing popularity.

Restructuring of the electric power mainly includes a large number of generators that are not under direct control of a centralized power companies. These units of distributed generation will work independently, as are used independently. Furthermore, the merger of decentralization with advanced telecommunications and information technologies provides new opportunities for distributed generation. The technology allows to generate power at all levels of electric power supply.

In addition, with the introduction of a decentralized distributed generation, new concepts appeared, such as the SmartGrid and the virtual power plant (VPP).

Development of the integration of electrical power sources of low power in electric power supply system is necessary for the efficient use of electricity, reduction of electricity losses during transmission over long distances, to cover the growing demand for electricity in many countries.

Concepts of Distributed Generation, Smart Grid and the virtual power plant are promising technology platforms of the future energy industry. Modern technologies allow to move in the direction of formation of these concepts.

The main goal of these concepts is to provide optimal efficiency to minimize energy exports / imports during dynamic loads.

Control systems, discussed above differ from each other by some features:

1. Basic control system (BAS) is used to monitor the power output from the DG according to the signal load, thereby allowing DG to follow the dynamic load. The disadvantage of this system is the lack of coordination between units of DG.  Therefore, electricity is still imported from the core network to compensate remaining loads.

2. In contrast to the basic, smart automated system (SAS) has the control and coordination center (CCC), which is responsible for monitoring distributed generation (DG) systems. The DG plants and loads control is carried by sharing information and by logic of algorithms. Using such technology, the performance of SAS clearly shows that electricity imports can be prevented, and the load is fully covered by DG plants.

3. Distributed control system connects the local controllers with each other, forming a circuit link. A key role of this system lays on the logic of algorithms that track the optimum overall efficiency of the virtual power plant and minimize export / import of electricity even when using dynamic loads.

Literature:

1. Mohammad Shahidehpour, Yaoyu Wang: Communication and Control in Electric Power System Applications of Parallel and Distributed Processing, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Juli 2003.

2. Суслов К.В., Солонина Н.Н., Карпекин А.С., Мартыненко Е.В. «Применение технологии «SMART GRID», Иркутский государственный технический университет, УДК. 621.343, otep@istu.edu

3. «Grids 2030». А National Vision for Electricity's Second 100 years. Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution of USA Department of Energy, 2003.

4. Интеллектуальные сети (Sтart Grid) и энергоэффективность //материалы конференции компании General Electric. - Москва, 11 февраля 2010 года.

5. Кривов В.Г., Синатов С.А., Гулин С.Д., Орлов А.Н., Поляков А.А. Комплексное электроснабжение на базе дизельных электростанций с внешней утилизацией отходящей теплоты // Двигателестроение. – 1988. – № 9. – С. 3–7.