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E.V. Shevchuk, N. S. Koljeva
North Kazakhstan State
University named after Manash Kozybayev,
Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan
The
structure, maintenance and educational systematic securing of the course of informatics
for 12-years schools
One of
the most actual trends of informatization of education is the development of
the maintenance and the methodic of teaching informatics in the system of
continuous education in conditions of transition to teaching during 12 years.
The
long experience of 12-year education is accumulated in the West Europe, the USA
and Japan. Nowadays almost all states, including countries of Baltic, the
Ukraine and Moldavia transit to 12-year education, except Russia and
Kazakhstan. Let’s look at international experience of 12-year education.
For
example, in the USA the most popular
is the system 6+3+3. Children study at elementary school from 6 to 12.
Secondary school consists of two parts: junior school and senior school. In a
junior school the third part of teaching time is for common program for
everybody, the rest of lessons are subjects, which are chosen. Senior school
usually suggests 5 necessary subjects and a great number of educational
subjects of academic and practical directions. The control of knowledge is made
with the help of tests.
In
Great Britain is the system of
11-year necessary education and 13-year not necessary education. After 11-years
pupils may be given a certificate of ordinary level education and may enter the
professional schools. After 13 years of good studying the pupils are given a
certificate of high level, which gives an ability to continue the education of
to begin working.
In Germany the maximum period of education
is 13 years. The state guarantees free of charge necessary 9-year education at
schools. Then the pupils are given an ability to have the longer education
during 1 year or 3 years.
The
system of education has 3 levels structure: primary school, gymnasium, which
are different in purposes, levels of educations. Studying begins from 6 years
in united national school (1-4 forms), then it continuous in one of the types
of schools. Primary school (5-10 forms) gives an ability to have incomplete
common education and then to have a professional education. The real school
(5-10 forms) gives incomplete common education of professional practical
direction. Those, who graduate them can enter the secondary schools and then in
higher professional technical schools. Gymnasium (5-13 or 7-13 forms) gives
complete secondary education and pupils can enter the universities.
In France maximum period of common
education is 12 years. The state guarantees 10-years necessary free of charge
education.
After 5
years of primary school is secondary education, which consists of 2 cycles:
4-years college and 2-3 years lyceum. The teenager of 14 years age can have
common education and continue professional education. Incomplete secondary
school is a united college of general education, which is on a base of primary
school and includes almost all pupils of suitable ages. Complete secondary
education is presented of 3 types of schools: lyceum of general education,
technological lyceum and professional lyceum. They all have several sections,
which determine the profile of diploma for pupils.
In Japan maximum period of common
education is 12 years. More than 90% of pupils have it.
Law
foresees necessary free of charge education. Later in private schools education
is paid. There is a structure of levels of common education 6+3+3:
6-years
primary school;
3-years
junior secondary school;
3-years
senior secondary school.
Primary
education begins from 6 years. Secondary education consists of necessary
primary secondary school and not necessary senior secondary school. Pupils can
enter at junior secondary school without examinations, and at senior secondary
school after examinations. The main way of Checking of knowledge is test.
In China there is the system of 12 years
education, 9 years education is necessary from 1990.
System
of common education in China consists of several levels: primary school (5-6
years), incomplete secondary education (3-4 years) schools of general education
(3 years).
Realization
of 9 years and 12 years education is in future. The rates of spreading of
education are formed very carefully.
China
is behind of some countries of Asia region (South Korea, Philippine Islands and
Asia Minor) in spreading of complete secondary education.
In 1999
the direction of China plans turning to more intensive development of common
secondary education.
Let’s
look what structure of 12-years education will be for pupils from Kazakhstan.
On the
first of September in 2003 Kazakhstan decided to try the structure of 12-years
education. In 2003 there was an experiment in 51 schools; in 2008 it was in
another 52 schools. At the results of this experiment the decision of mass
transition to 12-years education must be accepted.
According
to the conception of the new structure and the maintenance of common secondary
education there will be some reforms, which are connected with appearance of
12-years secondary school. The scheme of 12-years common education is 4+6+2.
1.
Primary school (1-4
forms). Children begin studying at the age of 6. The program of primary school
includes Reading, Writing (on Russian and Kazakh languages), Maths and
Informatics, Foreign language (English or German). Art, Technology, PE are
optional subjects. Playing games is widely used on this level. There must be
rooms for playing games at schools.
2.
Secondary school
(5-10 forms). There is a high level of Maths, Informatics, Physics, Chemistry,
Biology and Geography on this stage as well as the native and foreign language,
Russian and Kazakh Literature, Technology, Music and Drawing. Pupils are
interested in scientific work more than in other subjects. They begin to think
about their future profession. After the 10th form they pass united
national examinations and continue education in the 11th form.
3.
Profile school
(11-12 forms). Pupils choose the profile that coincides with his future profession
(11-12 forms are for those pupils. Who plan to have a higher education). There
are 3 directions: mathematical, humanitarian and technological.
There
is a portfolio for every pupil, where you can find all his achievements.
On all
3 levels free of charge education is guaranteed. In this article authors
suggest their working out of theoretical and methodic securing of informatics
course at school for 5-6 forms, which will be a firm basis of 12-years
education.
Informational
processes and informational technologies are the main objects of teaching on
all levels of informatics courses nowadays. The purpose of learning this
subject in the 5-6th forms are forming of informational thinking of
pupils, forming of principles of scientific world outlook, educational and
cultural experiences in working with information; assimilation of size and
maintenance of main notions (assimilation of scientific terminology); forming
and development of skills, experiences of using informational and
communicational technologies; conscious and rational using of computer in
educational and then in professional activity. The main principles of the
construction of the informatics courses are: science characteristics, logical
order, integrity, systematic and continuous character of giving an account of
educational material, access and taking into consideration of age peculiarities
of pupils in choosing forms, methods and types of teaching is also very
important.
The
maintenance of the informatics course for 5-6th forms, which work at
the experiment of transition to 12-years education may be represented in
following models.
1. Module «Theoretical
informatics»
The
main notions: information, informational process, the properties of
information, ciphering of the information, systems of counting, bit and bite.
2. Module «Programs securing of the computer»
The
main notions: modern computer, program, program securing, special and applied
program securing, file, operational system.
3. Module «Informational
technologies»
The main
notions: graphic editor, pixel, calculator, text processor, electronic table.
4. Module «The basis of communication of
computers»
The
main notions: Internet, WWW, e-mail.
At the
end of the 5th form pupils must: understand the notion ‘information’;
differ kinds of information; give the examples of passing, keeping and working
with information; cipher the information; differ program and apparatus securing
of computer; be able to use text editor for type-setting, count with the help
of calculator; use graphic editor for making, keeping and opening the picture
[1-3].
At the
end of the 6th form pupils must: know dimension of the quantity of
information; know trench and not trench system of counting; be able to pass
decimal numbers to double system of counting; be able to use graphic interface
of the computer; make main operations with files; be able to act with parts of
electronic table: coping, removing, insertion [4-6].
The
necessary condition of transition to 12 years education is working out of
educational material of the new generation, which assumes active using of means
of information and communication technologies in the process of education. The
working out of education-methodic complexes is the main problem of the authors.
Let’s distinguish the main components of modern EMS: textbook,
education-methodic textbook, practicum, exercise books, posters, didactical
materials.
The
main component of EMS is the textbook, which has the following structure:
theoretic information (material for learning and questions in the end of every
paragraph), computer practicum (consists of description of doing practical
tasks on computer), vocabulary of term and the heading «It’s interesting» (for
widening of mental outlook).
The
exercise-book includes the great number of different tasks, exercises and
crosswords for developing creating abilities of pupils in the 5th
and 6th form.
Methodic
textbook for teachers includes thematic plan, plan of every lesson, answers to
the tests in textbooks and exercise-books.
EMS may
be used at schools, which work at the experiment of 12-years education, and at
schools, which teach informatics at elementary school. Teaching on this
education-methodic complex secures the necessary theoretical and practical
training of pupils for learning the informatics course.
Literature:
1. Shevchuk E. V., Koljeva
N. S., Zhanalinova T.T. The program of informatics for 5th form of
12-year schools. – Almaty: «Mektep» 2007.
2. Shevchuk E. V.,
Koljeva N. S. «Informatics»: Textbook for the 5th form of 12-year schools.
– Kokshetau: «Keleshek-2030», 2007.
3. Shevchuk E. V.,
Koljeva N. S. «Informatics»: Workbook for the 5th form of 12-year
schools – Kokshetau: «Keleshek-2030», 2007.
4. Shevchuk E. V.,
Koljeva N. S. The program of informatics for the 6th form of 12-year
schools. – Astana: Republic science-practical centre «Uchebnik», 2008.
5. Shevchuk E. V.,
Koljeva N. S. «Informatics»: Textbook for the 6th form of 12-year
schools. – Kokshetau: «Keleshek-2030», 2008.
6. Shevchuk E. V.,
Koljeva N. S. «Informatics»: Workbook for the 5th form of 12-year
schools – Kokshetau: «Keleshek-2030», 2008.