Экономические науки/15.Государственное
регулирование экономики
PhD Sergeev P.A.
Primakov National Research Institute
of World Economy
and International Relations, Russia
GARBAGE AND WASTE
AS A THREAT TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
In 1947 “Kon-Tiki” crew under the
direction of world-renowned scientist Thor Heyerdahl took place thousands of
miles throughout the Pacific, which was pure and transparent, had no traces of
human activity. However, in 1969, his
expedition on a boat “Ra” experienced real shock seeing how dirty Atlantic
Ocean. In the water swam plastic receptacles made of nylon, empty bottles,
cans, oil stains [1]. In 2015, the
Norwegian Torgeir Higraff organized a similar expedition “Kon-Tiki 2”, the main
objectives which the natural way were not historical and ethnographic and
ecological studies (!), including those relating to plastic dust water
pollution and its effects [2-4].
It is important to note that currently, the ocean is such a significant
amount of marine debris and waste that they form the whole of the island.
Meanwhile, the only such garbage as plastic component represents a great danger
for all marine life, irrespective of their size and appearance, including
plankton, fish, dolphins, sea turtles and birds, diverse vegetation. Then, in
different ways, plastic particles, chemicals, petroleum products, heavy metals
from the oceans will eventually find themselves in the human body, and
accompanied by pathogenic microbes. The same processes occur both on land and
at sea [5].
The emergence of vast quantities of waste associated largely with the
injudicious use of non-renewable natural resources, when for the sake of excess
needs artificially shortened automotive and household operation technology,
imposed by habit to wear "trendy" clothes, shoes, cosmetics, have the
newest phone and TV.
It remains to add that for the sale of food products used a fantastic
amount of packaging materials. And this comes at a time when the depletion of
natural resources becomes critical for sustainable community development and
conservation is simply the survival of civilization [6]. It is important to
note that in the context of global climate change for dangerous weather
phenomena, landfills can objectively not only be out of control, but also
become a source of new dangers for humanity, primarily infection and parasites,
including returned to life with new conditions of existence.
So, to weather anomalies during year
2017 can be attributed an unusually high summer temperatures that lead to
drought and famine [7,8], where the number of disastrous floods affected
several million persons [9], hurricanes destroy almost everything in its path
[10], earthquake, whose consequences are just difficult to predict [11], etc.
This
is why scientists urge politicians to environmental pollution problems in
earnest Wednesday, instead of wars and conflicts go to cooperate to effectively
counteract the aberrant natural phenomena, such as high the probability of a
small ice age [12]. It was to be hoped that U.S. President Donald Trump ideas to reform UN [13,14] make a lot of
positive results, including the revision of the paradigm of waste of the
planet's natural resources.
Literature:
[1]. Thor Heyerdahl. Lecture given at the Stockholm Conference on
the Environment 1972 //URL: http://pastdayli.com/2017/06/02/thor-heyerdahl-1972-stockholm-conference/.
[2]. Ekspedisjonen Kon-Tiki2. // URL: http://www.heyerdahl-institute.no/Segmenter/Ekspedisjoner/Kon-Tiki2/.
[3]. Kon-Tiki
2 halvveis, 27.10.2017 // URL: www.niva.no/kon-tiki-2-kaster-loss.
[4]. Torgersen H.O. Kon-Tiki 2 avbryter
ekspedisjonen mannskapet venter pa bli berget, 17.03.2016 // URL: http://aftenposten.no/norge/i/ka376/...
[5]. Carrington D. Plastic fibres found in tap water around the world,
06.09.2017 // URL: https://www.thegardiancom/environment/2017/sep/06/...
[6]. Bieber
N. Mass extinction warning: World is coming to end - and we have just 20 years to save it,
11.07.2017 // URL: www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world
news/ ...
[7]. Urgent support is
needed in drought-stricken Ethiopia,
11.08.2017 // URL: http://www.fao.org/emergencies/fao-i-actn/stories/stories
-detail/en/1029234/.
[8]. Karanja E. Prolonged drought threatens
Greater Horn of Africa, 21.02.2017 // URL: http://www.unisdr.org/archive/52011.
[9]. Катастрофические наводнения в Индии, Непале и Бангладеш: 16
млн пострадавших, 19.08.2017 // URL: https://www.gismeteo.ru/news/ …
[10]. Harvey, Irma damages predicted to cost $290
billion; Atlantic hurricane season only at midpoint, 12.09.2017 // URL: https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/...
[11]. Berlinger
J., Castillo M., Sanchez R. Mexico’s
strongest earthquake in a century leaves dozens dead, 09.09.2017 //URL: http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/08
...
[12]. World scientists
announced 2017 – the beginning of the end of mankind, 08.06.2017 // URL: http://earth-chronicles.com/natural-catastrophe/...
[13]. Holland S. In first visit, Trump urges
reform so U.N. can meet full potential, 18.09.2017 // URL:
http://www.reuters.com/article/…
[14]. Live: выступление
Дональда Трампа на Генеральной Ассамблее ООН, 19.09.2017 // URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHpQhXjXANg.