Fomicheva M.L., MD, Professor Fomichev
V.A., SD Zakharova
M.A., Furmanova D.G.
SOCIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AVERAGE VISITOR TO THE
Abstract
Presents data on children and adolescents
(15-17 years), attending health centers
for children in the year
It is revealed that the most frequent visitors
to the children's health centers are children 7-10 years of age with parents,
confident of the importance of healthy life style (HLS), and the absence of a
hereditary predisposition for the health of their children. As well as teens who
feel that healthy life style (HLS), active life position and sports is the most
important in maintaining health.
Keywords:
Customers of health centers children,
sociological research, optimization of work.
Introduction
Particular importance to primary health
prevention in childhood, because she not only cares about the health of the
child, but also greatly helps in creating a healthy lifestyle (HLS) [1.2].
Health centers for children created recently and the organization of work of
the complex [3, 4]. In this regard, the
development of child health centers-national health care priority, and this
involves the study of their visitors [5, 6, 7].
Purpose of the
study
Identify the social portrait of the average visitor of
the Children's
Material
and method
In the group of
children under 15 years 728 questionnaires filled with parents of children were
assessed. The boys were 358 (49.0%), girls - 370 (51%), the average age of
children was 8.34 ± 0.7 years. Adolescents filled 272 questionnaires, with 135
young men (49.7%), girls - 137 questionnaires (50.3%). The average age of the
respondent was 16.1 ± 0.07. The urban and rural population is represented
almost equally. Method of research: questioning (continuous, correspondence,
individual, distributing, half-closed).
Results of the study
The results obtained are presented in Table 1 (page 3)
and Table 2 (page 4).
Summarizing the responses
of the adolescents themselves, as well
as the opinions of the child's representatives, showed that the visitors of the
children's health centers evaluate as a whole, assess their health and children
quite high. 69% of the respondents gave a positive assessment
("excellent", "better than their peers", "good")
to their health and the health of their children. 29% of the respondents in the
health centers for children chose the option "satisfactory",
"age appropriate". On ill health children and
teenagers complained about 2% of respondents
The
respondents most actively influencing the life of the person were the health of
the children themselves - 67% (in the youth group this percentage is 81%, and
in the parents' audience - 62%). In addition, the influence of hereditary factors - 49% (in
the youth audience - 35%, in the parental -54%), the quality of food products -
55% (in the youth audience - 47%, in the parental 58%), the state of the
external environment - 38 %, âoth in the
youth and in the parents' classrooms.
Table 1
The main results of a survey of adolescents, visitors to the Children's
|
¹ |
Issues |
Variants of answers |
Σ |
% |
Ì |
%* |
F |
%* |
|
1 |
What factors have the greatest impact on
health? |
No answer |
127 96 102 221 36 29 3 |
46,7 35,3 37,5 81,3 13,2 10,7 1,1 |
53 44 50 102 18 17 3 |
39,3 32,6 37,0 75,6 13,3 12,6 2,2 |
74 52 521 119 18 12 0 |
54,0 37,0 38,0 86,9 13,3 8,8 0 |
|
2 |
Factors that
have a major influence on the formation of healthy lifestyle and health |
A family |
167 89 50 39 144 6 52 2 |
61,4 32,7 18,4 14,3 52,9 2,2 19,1 0,7 |
74 50 23 16 72 5 21 2 |
54,8 37,0 17,0 11,9 53,3 3,7 15,6 1,5 |
93 39 27 23 72 1 31 0 |
67,9 28,5 19,7 16,8 52,6 0,7 22,6 0 |
|
3 |
Assess your health |
Excellent |
54 35 118 58 6 1 |
18,9 12,9 43,4 23,3 2,2 0,4 |
34 22 48 27 3 1 |
25,2 16,3 35,6 20,0 2,2 0,7 |
20 13 70 31 3 0 |
14,6 9,5 51,1 22,6 2,2 0 |
|
4 |
For what
purpose did you apply to the |
Assessment of
health status |
119 50 71 3 15 2 |
70,2 18,4 26,1 1,1 5,6 0,7 |
97 23 31 2 4 2 |
71,9 17,0 23,0 1,5 9,0 1,5 |
94 27 40 1 11 0 |
68,6 19,7 29,2 0,7 8,0 0 |
|
5 |
How did you know about the existence of the Center |
TV |
7 2 19 102 79 4 |
2,6 0,7 7,0 37,5 29,0 1,5 |
3 1 9 56 37 2 |
2,2 0,7 6,7 41,5 27,4 1,5 |
4 1 10 46 42 2 |
2,9 0,7 7,3 33,6 30,7 1,5 |
• in the gender sample
Table 2
Results of a survey of visitors to the Children's
|
¹ |
Issues |
Variants of answers |
Σ |
% |
Ì |
%* |
F |
%* |
|
1 |
The factors that have the greatest impact on human health |
Quality of
products |
419 396 277 450 115 79 8 |
57,6 54,4 38,1 61,9 15,8 10,9 1,1 |
201 204 134 217 59 43 3 |
56,2 57,0 37,4 60,6 16,5 12,0 0,8 |
218 192 143 233 56 36 5 |
58,9 51,9 38,7 63,0 15,1 9,7 1,4 |
|
2 |
The most active influence on the formation of healthy lifestyle |
A family |
620 157 133 153 297 13 166 1 |
85,2 21,6 18,3 21,0 40,8 1,8 22,8 0,1 |
304 79 64 62 156 6 79 0 |
84,9 22,1 17,9 17,3 43,6 1,7 22,1 0 |
316 78 69 91 141 7 87 1 |
85,4 21,1 18,7 24,6 38,1 1,9 23,5 0,3 |
|
3 |
Please rate the health of your child? |
Excellent |
89 66 329 232 12 2 |
12,2 9,1 45,2 31,9 1,7 0,3 |
40 30 161 119 6 2 |
11,2 8,4 45,0 33,2 1,7 0,6 |
49 36 168 113 6 0 |
13,2 9,7 45,4 30,5 1,6 0 |
|
4 |
Why did you bring the child to the
health center? |
Diagnostics of the state |
529 247 254 10 17 3 |
72,7 83,9 34,9 1,4 2,3 0,4 |
267 111 113 4 4 2 |
74,6 31,0 31,6 1,1 1,1 0,6 |
262 136 141 6 13 1 |
70,8 36,8 38,1 1,6 3,5 0,3 |
|
5 |
How did you find out about the health
center? |
TV |
27 4 78 329 269 11 |
3,7 0,6 10,7 45,2 37,0 1,5 |
11 2 36 159 133 6 |
3,1 0,6 10,1 44,4 37,2 1,7 |
16 2 42 170 136 5 |
4,3 2 11,4 46,0 36,8 1,4 |
• in the gender sample
Young people are higher than the parents' audience,
assessing the role of medical organizations and the level of socio-economic
development of society in matters of public health (more than 18% of responses
in adolescents for each option, compared with 14% in adult responses).
Among the answers to the main factor
that influences the formation of a healthy life style and the state of visitors
to the health center for children, the most popular answers are: the family -
79% (61% in the youth, 85% in the parental), sports and other public
organizations - 44% 53%, parents - 41%). And also - friends 25% (33% for young
people, 22% for parents), preventive medicine 22% (19% for young people,
23% for parental). The other parameters are less pronounced.
Questioning of adolescents
showed that they generally assess their health positively (76%
"excellent", "better than their peers", "good"),
and the most important factor influencing it is the way of life (81%). Analysis
within gender groups showed that girls more often than boys choose the answers:
the quality of food (an average of 15%), lifestyle and lack of bad habits
(11%), heredity (5%).
When asked about the impact of factors on the formation of a healthy lifestyle,
the most popular were the family (61%), sports and public organizations (53%),
friends (33%), medical organizations (32%).
Teenagers - visitors to the
health center often go there for diagnosing their health condition (70.2%).
They learn about the existence of these centers from medical workers (37.5%),
friends and acquaintances (29.0).
Parents of children who
applied to the health center evaluate their health as "excellent",
"better than their peers" and "good" in 67% of cases. In
their opinion, the most important factors affecting the child's health are:
lifestyle and the presence of bad habits (62%), food quality (58%), heredity
(54%), environmental condition (38%).
The family and the nearest
entourage (90%), sports and public organizations (41%), educational institutions
(21%) have the strongest influence on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
Parents of children who applied to the health center felt that they needed to
diagnose their health condition (72.7%), consult specialists (34.9%), and
councils for the prevention of diseases (33.9%).
Conclusions:
1. Parents of children of 7-10 years of age, under the recommendation of health
workers or friends, to diagnose their children's health, assessing their health
as "good", confident of the undisputable influence of lifestyle and
lack of bad habits, as well as rational nutrition (vaccinated in The family
circle, which is responsible for the child's health), and the absence of a
hereditary predisposition to diseases.
2. A girl or a young man of 16 years who has come to the center on the
recommendation of medical workers (a young man) or friends (a girl) with the
purpose of diagnosing the state of their health, who regard him as
"good"; Who believe that the main influence on health is the way of
life and the absence of bad habits, as well as the foundations of a way of life
that were laid in the family and obtained due to an active lifestyle and
sports.
Bibliography
1. Schepin V.O. Model and stages of sociohygienic
assessment of the prevalence of pathology among the population / V.O. Shchepin, A. L. Tomchuk, A.I. Babenko, Yu.I. Braveve // Problems of Social Hygiene, Health and History of
Medicine, 2013. - No. 4. - P. 24-29.
2. Farrakhov A.
Z. Centers of health for children as a priority direction of the preventive
activity of the pediatric service. / A.Z. Farrakhov,
R.F. Shavaliev, M.M. Sadykov.
// Medical almanac, 2013. - ¹ 2 (26). - P. 12-15.
3. Starodubov V.I. Healthcare in
4. Kochetovskaya E.A. Organizational and methodical
measures to optimize the health of the population of the region on the basis of
an analysis of lifestyle factors and interaction with the health care system. /
E.A. Kochetovskaya. // Bulletin of New Medical
Technologies, 2013. - T. Kh., No. 1. - P. 134-136.
5. Polhovskaya N.M. The current state of methods for
assessing the quality of care. / NM. Polhovskaya, Yu.L. Minaev. // Bulletin of the
Medical Institute "REAVIZ", 2012. - ¹ 3-4. - P. 82-89.
6. Ilyukhina O.V. Methodical issues of the application of structured
indicators in medical and sociological research / O.V. Ilyukhin,
Yu.G. Ellansky, I.Yu. Khudonogov // Sociology of
Medicine, 2013. - No. 1 (22). - P. 15-18.
7. Karpova O.V. Sociological research in the quality
management system of medical care. / O.V. Karpova,
M.A. Tatarnikov, E.B. Marochkina.
// Sociology of Medicine, 2013. - ¹ 1 (22). - P.42-45.