Fomicheva
M.L., MD, Professor Fomichev V.A., SD Zakharova M.A.
SOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AVERAGE VISITOR TO
THE
Abstract
The paper
presents data about visits to the
After analysing the obtained data, it is concluded that the most
frequent visitor to the
Keywords:
Sociological research, customers, optimization of
health centers.
Introduction
One of the
priorities in the development of national health care is primary health
prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases [1, 2]. In this connection, the
planning group and individual preventive measures in the health care system
involves studying social portrait of patient medical institutions [3, 4]. The
data obtained will help you pinpoint problems, inform the patient and
differentiated to provide targeted services target audience [5].
Purpose of the study
Identify the social portrait of the average visitor of the
health center for adults in the city of
Material
and method
Method of research: questioning (continuous,
correspondence, individual, distributing, semi-closed). A total of 1798
correctly filled questionnaires were assessed: 573 questionnaires were filled
out by men (31.3%), 1225 questionnaires – by
women (68.7%). The age varied from 18 to 86 years (mean 44.1 ± 4.4
years). The urban and rural population is represented almost equally.
Results
Table 1 shows a set of questions, the answers to which help to determine the social
portrait of a typical visitor to the health center for adults.
Table 1
Survey results of visitors to health centers for adults
|
¹ |
Issues |
Variants of answers |
Σ |
% |
Ì |
%* |
F |
%* |
|
1 |
What factors have the greatest impact on
health? |
No answer |
723 904 630 1164 277 178 18 |
40,2 50,3 35,0 64,7 15,4 9,9 1 |
206 295 175 355 92 53 3 |
36,0 51,5 35,5 62,0 16,1 9,3 0,5 |
517 609 455 809 185 125 15 |
42,2 49,7 37,1 66,0 15,1 10,2 1,2 |
|
2 |
Factors that
have a major influence on the formation of healthy lifestyle and health |
A family |
1248 472 538 291 549 82 350 9 |
69,4 26,3 29,9 16,2 30,5 4,5 19,5 0,5 |
373 178 170 95 188 31 98 3 |
65,1 31,1 29,7 16,6 32,8 5,4 17,1 0,5 |
875 294 368 196 361 49 252 6 |
71,4 24,0 30,0 16,0 29,5 4,0 20,6 0,5 |
|
3 |
Assess your health |
Excellent |
256 200 537 702 72 31 5 |
14,2 11,1 29,9 39,0 4,0 2,3 0,3 |
105 72 170 208 11 7 1 |
18,3 12,6 29,7 36,3 1,9 1,2 0,2 |
151 128 367 494 61 24 4 |
12,3 10,5 30,0 40,3 5,0 2,0 0,3 |
|
4 |
For what
purpose did you apply to the |
Assessment of
health status |
1215 684 426 96 67 8 |
67,6 38,0 23,7 5,3 3,7 0,4 |
361 249 111 18 18 1 |
63,0 43,5 19,4 3,1 3,1 0,2 |
854 435 315 78 49 7 |
69,7 35,5 25,7 6,4 4,0 0,6 |
|
5 |
How did you know about the existence of the Center |
TV |
241 77 260 384 909 10 |
13,4 4,3 14,5 21,4 50,6 0,6 |
90 32 91 113 277 6 |
15,7 5,6 15,9 19,7 48,3 1,1 |
151 45 169 271 632 4 |
12,3 3,7 13,8 22,1 51,6 0,3 |
* In the gender sample
In
section 3 (Table 1), visitors to the health center tend to assess their health
as satisfactory, age-appropriate -39%, good-30%, excellent (better than peers)
- 25%, poor-4%, availability 2% of respondents reported disability. Women are
more likely than men to be more critical in assessing their health.
Estimating the importance
of various factors (section 1), primarily affecting health, the respondents
identified from the general list of factors: "lifestyle and the presence
of bad habits" - 65%, "heredity" - 50%, "quality of food
products "- 40%," the state of the environment "- 35%.
According to interviewed visitors to health centers for
adults, the most active influence on the formation of a healthy image.
Life and the state of
human health is provided by the family -69% of respondents' answers. Also
popular are "sports" and an active life position - 31%, "medical
institutions" - 30%, "influence of the nearest environment" -
26%, "preventive health centers" - 26%, educational institutions -
16%.
Traditionally, women more
often than men emphasize the influence of lifestyle, the person himself and the
absence of bad habits (66% / 62%), and also pay attention to issues: nutrition
and food quality (42% - women's responses and 36% - men's responses), ecology
(37% / 31% of responses, respectively). In addition, men regularly give a
little more attention to the influence of sports sections and organizations:
30% - women's responses and 33% of men's responses.
When considering the answers of
women and men on different assessing their health was found. Men who, in their opinion,
have excellent health, more often than those who have complaints against him,
mention the influence of lifestyle and the absence of bad habits on the state
of human health. Among similar groups of female audience such differences are
not revealed. But more than 63% of respondents in both groups are confident of
the importance of this factor.
Women who complain about their health more often than women who rated their
health as "good" / "excellent" tend to look for the reason
for this in the inaccessibility of high-quality food products (including those
related to socioeconomic problems), poor quality of health services, But rarely
remember their lifestyle as a source of "health problems".
A positive assessment of
health by the respondents is closely related to the active position in setting
themselves rules and ways of life.
One of the most important
characteristics of the respondents' groups is the purpose of the visitor's
visit to the health center (section 4, Table 1). Most often apply for diagnosis
of the state of health, for information on the main methods of preventing
diseases (in 2016, this reason became more popular than the previous year's
figure), and also for the consultation of narrow specialists. It was noted that
women more often than men choose the answer option "assessment of health
status" (69.7% / 63%).
Visitors to the health
center most often (51%) refer to information received from acquaintances as a
source of information about the work of the center (among men this source is
mentioned 3% less frequently than among women). Quite high percentage (21%) of
appeals on the recommendation of health workers, and among the male audience
the percentage of those who applied for this recommendation is 2% lower than
among women.
Conclusions
The average visitor to the health center for adults is a
woman aged 30-49 who came to the health center on the recommendation of her
acquaintances for the purpose of diagnosing the state of health, She herself
assesses her health as "satisfactory age-appropriate." She is sure
that health is mainly influenced by the way of life and the absence of bad
habits, as well as the foundations of the way of life, laid down from childhood
and further supported by adequate medical assistance and advice from health
professionals. A woman who understands
and takes an active life position.
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