C.p.s. V.A. Burmistrova, master’s programme student S.K. Mediyeva

Karaganda State Medical University, Kazakhstan,

Karaganda State University named after Ye.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan

Quantified training texts with the items in the test form

according to the methods of Professor V.S. Avanessov

At the present stage of education, where in the framework of credit technology the specific weight belongs to student’s individual work (SIW) (for each academic discipline), it is practically impossible to motivate students to read huge texts that are unorganized with a large amount of secondary information. Even if the students read the necessary material, it is fixed scrappy, and even then not for long in their memory. According to N.V. Glushchenko, "the growing role of SIW raises the problem of creating training texts, because it is the training text that appears in the form of a source of didactic information determining the content and character of student's individual work" [1].

Thus, researchers of this issue agree on the need to create training texts that are understandable and accessible for self-education [2, с.64].

“The creation of new textbooks based on the theory and methodology of quantifying can be a key direction” in solving this problem according to V.S. Avanessov [2, с.63].

As an example, we would like to cite the training text "Muscles" [3] (quantified by us) with the items in the test form according to the methods of Professor V.S. Avanessov.

MUSCLES

(based on Maslova, A. English for medical institutions. – М., 2013. – 336 p.)

Quantified training text on English with the items in the test form

for medical students

Definition

The muscle is one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to produce movement. The muscles are the active agents of motion and contraction.

Basel Nomina Anatomica

The names of all the muscles in the body and all other anatomical terms were established at three Congresses in Basel, Jena and Paris in 1895. They received the following name - the Basel Nomina Anatomica.

Number of skeletal muscles

The body is composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. In the adult about 35%- 40% of the body weight is formed by the muscles.

Structure of muscles

The structure of the muscular fibers is different in different groups of muscles. The muscles consist of a mass of muscle cells. The muscular fibers are connected together by connective tissue. There are many blood vessels and nerves in the muscles.

Division of muscles

According to the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles are divided into the muscles of the trunk, head, and extremities.

According to their form all the muscles are divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles. Examples: the free extremities are formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lay on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities are formed by wide muscles.

Some muscles were called according to the structure of their fibers, for example radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example extensors or according to their direction, for example oblique.

Methods of studying of muscles

Three basic methods of study of muscles are used nowadays: experimental work on animals, the study of the muscles on a living human body and on the corpse.

Scientific researches on muscles

Russian anatomist, Professor Lesgaft divided the muscles into two basic groups - static and dynamic. In his work “The Basis of Theoretical Anatomy” (1892), they were called strong and skilled. His studies on static and dynamic muscles were continued by Professor A.K. Koveshnikova in 1954, who determined that static and dynamic muscles were different in the number of nerve fibers and the form of nerve endings.

The items in the test form

The items having one, two, three or more right answers are offered to your attention. Press the buttons with the numbers of all right answers:

1. ACCORDING TO {the basic parts of the skeleton, the form of the muscles} ALL THE MUSCLES ARE DIVIDED INTO

1) long

2) short

3) wide

4) trunk

5) head

6) extremities

2. ALL THE MUSCLES WERE CALLED STRONG AND SKILLED BY PROFESSOR

1) Lesgaft

2) Bakulev

3) Amossov

4) Vishnevsky

5) Koveshnikova

IN HIS WORK

1) “Anatomy”

2) “Practical Anatomy”

3) “The Basis of Theoretical Anatomy”

IN

1) 1892

2) 1894

3) 1920

4) 1954

5) 1994

3. THE ACTIVE AGENTS OF MOTION AND CONTRACTION ARE

1) hair

2) skull

3) blood

4) skeleton

5) muscles

6) breastbone

7) bone marrow

4. THE NAMES OF ALL THE MUSCLES IN THE BODY AND ALL OTHER ANATOMICAL TERMS WERE ESTABLISHED AT

1) 2

2) 3

3) 4

4) 6

CONGRESSES IN

1) Jena

2) Paris

3) Basel

4) Berlin

5) New-York

IN

1) 1878

2) 1888

3) 1892

4) 1895

5) 1917

6) 1925

7) 1954

5. THE BASEL NOMINA ANATOMICA IS THE COMMON NAME FOR

1) the corpse

2) anatomical terms

3) living human body

6. {Radiated muscles, extensors, oblique muscles} ARE CALLED ACCORDING TO

1) their uses

2) their form

3) the structure of their fibers

4) their direction the basic parts of the skeleton

7. {The free extremities, the walls of the body cavities} ARE FORMED BY

1) long

2) short

3) wide

4) hard

5) narrow

MUSCLES

8. NOUNS

1) wide

2) short

3) muscle

4) method

5) establish

6) anatomist

9. PROFESSOR LESGAFT

1) Russian anatomist

2) American scientist

3) worked at demographic problems

4) divided the muscles into two basic groups

5) wrote “The Basis of Theoretical Anatomy”

Determine the right word order:

10. THE MUSCLES CONSIST OF

 — of

 — cells

 — a mass

 — muscle

11. THE BODY IS

 — of

 — 600

 — about

 — muscles

 — skeletal

 — composed

Summing up, we would like to note that quantified training texts with the items in the test form according to the methods of Professor V.S. Avanessov are, in our opinion, the most promising direction of improving the quality of education in the framework of its procedural aspect.

Literature:

1. Глущенко Н.В. Учебный текст как объект исследования http://ilogoped.ucoz.ru/publ/uchebny_tekst_kak_obekt_issledovanija/1-1-0-1

2. Аванесов В.С. Теория квантования учебных текстов //Педагогические измерения. – 2014. - №1. – С. 62-77.

3. Маслова А.М. Английский язык для медицинских вузов: учебник /А.М. Маслова, З.И. Вайнштейн, Л.С. Плебейская. - 5-е изд., испр. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2013. - 336 с.