Kal’ney A.V., Rjazantseva O.S.

Academy of Customs Service of Ukraine, Ukraine

PROBLEMS OF TRANSIT POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The main feature of the modern world economy is the rapid development of international economic relations, which manifests itself in a deep international division of labor between the countries, deepening the financial and economic relations, globalization of economic life, increasing openness of national economies and their interaction.

Ukraine is a strong transit state and plays a significant role in the processes of globalization and transformation of the economy, because Ukraine is a geopolitical bridge in the transport links that are formed on the main trends of international trade between Europe and Asia, North Europe, Middle East, countries of the African continent. The external border of Ukraine is the longest among the European countries, 19 of the 25 regions are the border.

The transit position of Ukraine is one of the main attractive features of the national market of Ukraine for foreign investors and manufactures. The interstate transit through Ukrainian territory is a significant national resource, which currently is not fully used.

However, according to experts, the transit potential of Ukraine today is really used only by 50-60%, and the latter were marked by the weakening trend of Ukraine's transit potential, and this can cause significant damage both the economy and its political interests.

The basis of freight transit through Ukraine is raw materials and primary products processing. The share of containerized cargo, which provide high tariffs remain low. Transit flows mainly formed in the CIS. Our nearest neighbors: Russia, Belarus, Baltic countries - spend a coordinated transit policy aimed at increasing freight traffic through its own territory. A significant number of transit cargos, which took place in Ukraine, went around through Belarus to the Baltic Sea port of Novorossiysk.

The use and formation of Ukraine's transit potential affect all parts of the complex transport: road, rail, pipeline, water, air. By the volume of transit takes first place pipelines, last - air.

The volume of transit through Ukraine, thousand tons

Types of transport	Years			The evolution of transit compared to 2007
	2007	2008	2009	In 2008	In 2009
Rail	99882,37	93347,6	44834,64	-6534,77	-55047,73
Road	4494,61	4908,71	3354,2	414,1	-1140,41
Naval	2693,97	3486,97	1899,38	793	-794,59
River	37,43	74,73	-	37,3	-
Air	1,28	1,54	1,17	0,26	-0,11
Pipeline	279802,36	223497,94	127981,74	-56304,42	-151820,62

Apparently, recently reduced the volume of transit traffic, especially increased adverse effects in 2009: reduction of transit took place for all types of transport.

This leads to the need for new approaches to the development of Ukraine's transit potential, transport and technology, improving leverage and control measures to ensure economic security.

Ukraine's transport capabilities have advantages over other types of economic activity. Currency earnings from transit improves foreign trade balance, saves a transport infrastructure, provides employment of hundreds of thousands of workers. Transit is not associated with the consumption of nonrenewable natural resources and influence the process of cooperation of different enterprises and institutions, integration of the economies of different regions and countries. Today, according to experts, due to unfavorable conditions of transit through Ukraine, the state annually loses about $ 2 billion.

Thus, the main problems of international transit of Ukraine are following:

· Ukrainian legislation is inconsistent in many issues with law Western European countries;

· National normative-legal base is incompatible with international transport law in matters of border crossings, the transport and cargo handling at terminals;

· Absence of a unified state transit policy in Ukraine;

· Quality transit is not sufficient: organizational and technical barriers at borders, poor service, unsaved cargoes, low speed traffic, discrepancy road network, terminals, rolling stock by technical parameters, the lag in development comparing to world leading countries;

· Imperfect system of control over delivery of goods;

· Descriptiveness is insufficient;

· Groundlessness of tariff policy;

· Unreliability of criminal situation.

In order to improve the transit potential of Ukraine should:

· Develop cross-border cooperation;

· Adapt national regulatory framework to EU requirements and international transport law;

· Modernize transport infrastructure and border crossing points across the state border in the technical and technological aspects;

· Enhance throughput and transitivity of territory;

· Review and improve the tariff and price and tax policy on international transit, simplify customs procedures for transit of participants;

· Improve control over delivery of goods, which are an integral part of fiscal economic security;

· Stimulate the attraction of additional transit cargo.

Literature

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3. Хумаров О.А. Підвищення конкурентоспроможності України: мобілізація транзитного потенціалу // Стратегічні пріоритети. – 2009. - №2(11). – С.152-157.

4. www.nbuv.gov.ua/Portal/natural/vkhnu/Ekon/851/09kvvupp.pd Киселев В.В. Транзитный потенциал Украины: проблемы и перспективы. – Харьковский национальный університет им. В.Н. Кармазина.