Economic science/13. Regional economics

Candidate of economic science, DBA Kunurkulzhayeva G.T.

Aktobe regional state university after K.Zhubanov

Modern condition of innovative activity in Kazakhstan’s enterprises

In the process of improving market model of economics top priority should be paid to developing production on new technical base, activating innovative action on embodiment of scientific technical development in the production, creating new technical processes and structural adjustment on the modern technological base of all material production and sphere of service.

The experience of economically developed countries shows that a winner in the struggle for consumer is that one who constructs the activity basically on the base of innovative approach and the main purpose of the strategic plan is a development of new products and services.

Innovative activity of enterprise can be one of the main condition for forming its competitive strategic possibilities, keeping and expanding market niche.

Share of innovative active enterprises in Kazakhstan has increased since 2009 almost two times. In comparison with 2009 year share of innovative active enterprises in republic at present has increased from 4 to 7,6 per cent, amendments on technological innovation have rocketed five times more from 61 to 326 billion tenge. Total innovative output volume, produced in Kazakhstan increased more over than four times from 82 to 379 billion tenge, in these circumstances GDP of the country is 1, 25 % against 0,51 % in 2009.

On the graphical chart (figure 1) it is obvious that there is a change of innovative product share in relation to GDP in the period from 2004 to 2012. The highest index number 1,58 was reached in 2005. From 2007 to 2009 there seen a sharp decrease of this index number (relatively 1,19; 0,69; 0,51). From 2010 there is steady increasing of index number.[1]

Upon the fact technological and innovative development “Technological level” of Kazakhstan improved its position last year by 32 points and was 55th, upon the fact “Assess of modern technology” Kazakhstan was 90^th, strengthen its position by 13 points.

Figure 1 – Share of innovative production in relation to GDP, %

Upon index number “Ability of the company to developing modern technology” the country increased by 22 points to 91 place. Kazakhstan’s position is increased on index number “Direct foreign investment and transforming technology” the country was 35^th, it is higher than it was last year by 15 points.[2]

Figure 2 – Main index numbers, showing the level of innovative activity of the enterprises in Kazakhstan in 2006 – 2012.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Number of respondents, total	10591	10889	11172	10096	10937	10723	10872
From them:
Having innovation	505	526	447	399	467	614	701
Level of activity in the sphere of innovation, in %	4,8	4,8	4,0	4,0	4,3	5,7	6,4
Not having innovation	10086	10363	10725	9682	10470	10109	10171
Level of passiveness in the sphere innovation, in %	95,2	95,2	96,0	96,0	95,7	94,3	93,6
Compiled according data of Agency of Republic Kazakhstan on statistics

According to the figure 2 we can see decrease of innovative activity of enterprises in 2008-2009 in the period of the leading wave of World Economic crisis. It follows thence, that one of factors of increasing innovative activity in Kazakhstan enterprises is financial and economical stability.

By estimate sensitivity of enterprises to innovative processes, which characterized by shares of active enterprises, innovative activity of enterprises in 2012 in Kazakhstan was 6,4%.

For comparison according to foreign experience share of innovative active enterprises in Germany is 80%, in the USA, Sweden, Italy, France is approximately 50%, in Russia is 9,1%. [3]

At present governments of most countries intensify support of innovative processes in private sector and economy on the whole.

Best results were reached by combination of different measures of regulating and stimulating innovation.

Tax incentives are one of the factors in creating environment which successfully supporting innovative activity.

Abroad following measures of tax incentives are used:

1. Tax incentives in relation with conducting research and development; (R&D) (China, India, Finland, Ireland, USA):

a) Increased deduction charges on R&D;

b) Tax credit on conducting R&D;

c) Speed amortization on investment in R&D;

d) Deduction capital input, connected with R&D, in the current period for tax registration;

e) Decreasing installment for social security insurance of the staff in R&D;

2. Tax holiday (China, India, and Israel).

3. Incentives for venture capital (China, Malaysia, Singapore).

4. Tax concession with objects of intellectual property (Ireland).

5. Indirect taxation (Japan, China, India).

The following measures of tax incentives of innovative activity in enterprises are adopted in Kazakhstan:

1) Decreasing of taxable earnings by 0, 5 times size of pension costs on Research and Development (R&D), scientific and technical work (STW), technological works (TW), cumulative to the moment of realizing results on these types of working.

2) Application on check off of actual production wastes on mandatory deductions of users of mineral resources on R&D, STW and OCW (1% of total annual income). [4]

The president of the country N.Nazarbayev emphasized main directions of developing innovation in Kazakhstan:

1. Modernizing research development basic of the country and systems innovative management.

2. Attracting users of mineral resources in large national companiesк to financing innovation.

3. Creating suitable condition for wide development of innovation in the small and middle business sector.

4. Development of breaking through points “innovation of the future”, namely International University in Astana and Parks of innovative technology (PIT). [5]

Thus, innovative activity stimulates not only development of research and development, but also defines main direction of economy development on the whole. Sector of Kazakhstan enterprises, producing high – tech products with using new technology, it should be a center of economical growth and let us pass to innovative model of economy.

References:

1. Site of KR Agency on statistics (www.stat.kz)

2.Share of innovative active enterprises in Kazakhstan (http://forbes.kz/news/2013/07/03/newsid_33075)

3. Report of National innovative fund “Proposal on incenting innovative and technology, and on the questions of tax incentives of innovative activity in the framework of improving legislation of Kazakhstan Republic”, 2011.

4. Report of National innovative fund “Tendency of developing innovation in the world and in Kazakhstan Republic”, 2011.

5. Speech of president N.Nazarbayev Kazakhstan Republic on the Forum “Innovative Kazakhstan – 2020” - Astana, 13 May 2011, KAZINFORM.