Koldybayeva, S. S.

A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF METHODOLOGY OF HISTORY

Today scientists-historians working in the field of the history of Kazakhstan unanimously note insufficient development of problems of methodology of history. Particularly noticeable today is the effect on the development of national history caused by insufficient development of the problems of such sphere of methodology of historical cognition as philosophy of history. The fact today is that national(patriotic) philosophy still has not fully realized the worldview, fundamental matters of national historical process, in particular, of who we, Kazakhs, are, what place we take in the world history, what role our ancestors played in the history. In a number of such problems of patriotic history, requiring their insistent theoretical understanding, are the questions of determining the role of the national personalities in the history of Kazakhstan, use of the civilizational paradigm to the historical process, understanding the problem of statehood in the Kazakh nomadic society and others.

It’s impossible to say that there were no attempts to find answers to some of these questions. It could be said that they had been replied to and are responded to every time by many - Soviet historians, who started our history only since October 1917, Western Sovietologists and scientists, Borat with his film, current Russian politicians and scientists, but unfortunately, not only our modern national researchers. As a result, this situation led to the fact that in these matters of the philosophy of history completely reignseuropocentrist viewpoint, underestimating and harassing the history of Kazakh people,that sets the task to overcome such psychological stereotype, not only in scientific, but alsoin mass consciousness.

But the methodology of history is not limited only to the problems of the philosophy of history. It is necessary to develop the problems of methodology of national history in the narrow sense as well, as a theory of directly historical science of Kazakhstan, among which issues of ethnogenesis of Kazakhs seem to be important, accession of Kazakhstan to Russia, periodization of history of Kazakhstan, national liberation movements, Soviet modernization and so on.

Not only the theory of national historyneeds a significant improvement. Change is needed in the use of the methodology as acognitive mechanism of the research of history. As is known the world historical thought, especially Western, applies a quite successfully varied theoretical arsenal of history cognition. In this respect the informative means of the theory of hermeneutics, the achievements of the historical school of Annals, the doctrine of W. Dilthey and more in Western methods of historical knowledge are interesting, which in principle would promote significant development of the cognitive instrumentation of national historical science.

A certain critical evaluation of applied cognitive instrumentationof the national history is also necessary, with the refusal of individual discredited methods. Here is one of them. It is not a secret that we often judge the historical personalities of the past on the basis of values and morality of the modern time. But we should agree that the trial of history must not take place. Especially, from the height of modern time. To overcome this legal itching helps, in particular, the method of hermeneutics, which in the process of the study of historical texts requires scientists-historians get involved in the examined historical period, to penetrate into its dominating values, understand the thoughts, desires and passions of historical personalities, and from the position of consideration and analysis assess the role and acts of one or the other personalities of the past.

Domestic epistemology of historical cognition as a part of methodology of history needs diversity of practically used methods of knowledge of history. Achieving this goal requires historians exit from their traditional, self-isolating niches, which in its time gave fruits, but clearly begins to overcome. It is necessary for the national historical science to join the creative alliance with philosophy, and not only with it, but also with psychology, ethnology, archeology, paleontology, natural sciences - mathematics, biology, etc. In this alliance, at the junction of adjacent scientific disciplines, use of their achievements and instrumentation - the key to breakthrough in further knowledge of historical reality, a successful development of the national historical science in general.

On the whole, changes in the methodological apparatus of the national historical science require a comprehensive solution: the awareness and importance of the development of theoretical problems of Kazakh history, the necessity of closer union of historians-researchers with representatives of other sciences related to history, change of the system of educational preparation of students-historians.