Karmanova Zh.A., Nefedova O.A., Manashova G.O., Kitibayeva A.K.

The Karaganda state university of academician E.A.Buketova, Karaganda

Problem of deviant behavior in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Children and teenagers are one of vulnerable parts of society in relation to the main behavioural risk factors. In strategy of development of the country of "Kazakhstan-2030" [1] the President determined by one of long-term priorities "Health, education and wellbeing of citizens" which major component noted the prevention of diseases and healthy lifestyle stimulation. In pursuance of the tasks following from this strategy, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan issued the Decree "About Prime Measures for Improvement of a State of Health of Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan".

Adverse shifts in a state of health of children and the teenagers, observed in recent years, cause big social and economic damage to the state. It is caused by the following reasons:

Children and teenagers are one of vulnerable parts of society in relation to the main behavioural risk factors, including desire to experience on themselves influence of drugs, tobacco and alcohol.

Current situation aggravation by such social and economic problems, as the termination of existence former and rapid development of the new entertaining organizations with new ideology and subculture, weak economic base of the state sports and improving complexes, low solvency of the population against high expenses on leisure and additional (on interests) education of children.

Wide circulation of behavioural risk factors among youth:

a) Promptly alcoholism rejuvenates. By results of the Second National research alcohol intake level in the republic among children of 11-14 years makes about 7,2%, and among youth at the age of 15-17 years – 37,1%.

b) Kazakhstan is included into number of the countries, where the highest level of prevalence of tobacco smoking: among children of 11-14 years this indicator makes 4,1%, among teenagers of 15-17 - 11,4%.

c) Level of the use of narcotic substances among children and youth progressively grows. The use of narcotic substances is noted in all age categories, even in age group of 11-14 years – 8,4%, among teenagers at the age of 15-17 years – 13,8% [2].

According to the National commission on affairs of women and family and demographic policy at the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the last 3 years by 4 times the number of children and the teenagers consisting on the account in the narcological centers increased.

Kazakhstan takes the third place in the world by number of suicides. The official statistics on quantity of suicides in Kazakhstan isn't announced. Figures specified by independent experts testify that the problem of suicides already accepts menacing scales, steadily assigning to Kazakhstan one of "leading" positions in the world by quantity of suicides.

The situation with growth of teenage suicides in the republic becomes menacing, according to experts. According to RK Ministry of Education and Science, in 2010 made a suicide of 237 children that makes 37 percent from the general mortality of minors.

Contrary to the opinion which has developed in society, only 36 percent from total number make the suicides made by girls. Besides, MOH PK recorded 140 attempts of children to commit suicide.

The analysis of the reasons of deviant behavior of children, teenagers and youth revealed the following leading factors:

• adverse family environment;

• lack of mutual understanding and care from parents;

• defects of education;

• inability to cope with stresses, public tasks;

• lack of life skills, including skills of communication with people around, especially with contemporaries;

• inability to resist to pressure and to make own decision, and also to develop critical thinking;

• availability to psychoactive agents;

• existence of aggressive advertizing;

• poorly developing service of a psychological assistance at schools;

• problems of leisure of children and teenagers.

Active involvement of parents, teachers, experts in the field of health care and psychology is necessary, for the public to realization of all joint actions.

Literature:

1. Message of the President of RK of N.A.Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan "Strategy of development of Kazakhstan: PROSPERITY, SAFETY AND IMPROVEMENT of WELFARE of ALL KAZAKHSTAN CITIZENS". - http://mod.gov.kz.

2. Akanov A.A. etc. How to organize healthy lifestyle formation (experience of Kazakhstan) / A.A.Akanov, S.T.Seydumanov, M.O.Mirzabekov. - Almaty, 2000. – 112 pages.