Law/1. History of State and Law
Candidate of law. Prikhodko M.A.
Moscow State University of Law behalf of O.E. Kutafin,
Russia
Ministry of Commerce and the state system
of the Russian
Empire at the beginning of the XIX century
(Historical and legal aspects)
A distinctive feature of this ministry was that the
establishment of the Ministry of
Commerce ahead of time the formation of the Ministry
of Commerce.
More September 13, 1800, G.P. Gagarin was appointed minister of commerce, to carry out the
principal guide of Commerce board
and the main control all the customs officials.
Its management was entrusted
to the Commercial Office of the
President and the Board of Commerce board, soon renamed the Office of the
Minister.
December 11, 1801 was appointed Minister of
Commerce N.P. Rumyantsev.
September 8, 1802 established the Ministry of Commerce with the transfer of
its management board
and Commercial confirmation
tenure as Minister of Commerce N.P. Rumyantsev.
The competence of the Ministry determined the main subjects of Commerce board of reference: 1)
business in foreign trade - correspondence with diplomatic
agents and consuls in the subjects of trade, to collect information on prices, taxes,
duties, treatises, regulations, the trade relations
of foreign countries; Manual trading companies abroad; maintaining the balance of the importation and exportation
of goods, drafting of assumptions about changes in tariff, trade and merchant statutes,
the appointment of consuls and the establishment of offices; correspondence with the heads of the port cities, transit trade issues; monitoring of compliance with trade treatises; 2)
cases of Internal Trade - correspondence concerning domestic trade
with government agencies, the collection of background information in the provinces
of fisheries, factories
and companies, the quantity and
quality of products, the demand
for it, and the possibility of
selling its exports,
monitoring of trades, fairs and sea fishing; development
and implementation of measures to enhance fisheries, increasing the number of goods produced, providing loans and keeping domestic
credit; 3) in the case of domestic and foreign trade of communication -
the collection and processing of information
on the trade routes, ports, shipbuilding,
the number of marine and river vessels, the ways of merchant shipping; guide merchant shipyards, staffing merchant shipping skippers and sailors, insurance vessels develop assumptions about
the construction of shipyards; 4)
cases in customs management - treatment and revision of documents customs
affairs on staff, arrangement and maintenance of customs cases involving confiscation of goods, litigation between Russian and English merchants.
These items were conducting expeditions in the management of the relevant Commercial Board: 1) business
in foreign trade; 2) the internal affairs of trade; 3) in the case of domestic and foreign commercial communications; 4) cases in customs administration.
January 8, 1803
established the Department of Commerce Minister - the main executive body under the Ministry of Commerce.
With the accession of the Russian Empire in 1807,
the continental blockade of England,
run by the Ministry of Commerce established
St. Petersburg, the liquidation commission. Whose tasks include superintendence of goods and property of
the British, have been subject to sequestration and satisfaction of this property Russian
lenders.
June 18, 1809
under the jurisdiction of the Minister
of Commerce established the St. Petersburg Commission on neutral navigation, to
deal with cases of admission to
the Russian ports of foreign ships during the continental blockade.
These
institutions and the structure of
the Ministry of Commerce made (Department of the Minister of
Commerce, Commercial College, the Liquidation
commission and the Commission on neutral
navigation).
In addition to
the direct objects of reference,
the Ministry of Commerce to promote the
establishment of commercial schools,
which oversees the activities of
nautical and navigational schools and published the newspaper "St. Petersburg Commercial Gazette" 1802-1810 years.
July 25, 1810
the Ministry of Commerce was abolished,
with the transfer of terms of reference
to the Ministry of Finance (the
case of Foreign Trade and Customs Administration) and the Ministry of
the Interior (the case of Internal Trade).
References:
1.
Higher and central government agencies
in Russia. 1801-1817. Volume
3. St.
Petersburg. 2002.
2.
Russian statehood. Dictionary of.
Book 3. Moscow. 2001.
3.
Ministry of Finance 1802-1902. Part 1. St. Petersburg. 1902.
4.
Eroshkin N.P. History of state institutions of
pre-revolutionary Russia. Moscow. 1997.