Manakhova Anastasiya

Master student of PSU named after S. Toraigyrov

Psychology and pedagogy department

TEENAGERS’ EMPLOYMENT: HOBBIES AND PREFERENCES

Today it is possible to observe the increasing deficiency of interests and hobbies at teenagers. The maturing child pulls to society of contemporaries, occupied, by sight the detached onlooker, empty pastime. He is inclined to stay hours in front of the TV, looking through not too intellectual movies, or at the computer, traveling routes of various games. He conducts the infinite, irritating seniors with the obvious triviality telephone conversations or indulges in similar process in virtual space of a chat. But often it isn't capable to concentrate at all on more substantial occupation as it is represented to him boring and besides insignificant in the opinion of his friends.

"Absence of interests" at modern children isn't senseless at all. It is the natural phase of teenager’s age described by many psychologists (W. Peters, Sh. Byuler, O. Kro, P. Zagorovsky, L. Vygotsky, etc.) as negative, or a phase of inclinations. It is the necessary stage of development which as if is clearing away a place for the subsequent creative work on new interest’s formation. In a negative phase there is a natural destruction of the interests and tendencies which were urgent at the previous age. Indeed, many teenagers leave these occupations, successfully and with pleasure being engaged for several years in a circle, studio or section, in a mass order, despite arrangements and resistance of parents. A year or two ago, it was represented to them fascinating, pleasant, at least, fashionable and prestigious, now it becomes "children's", frivolous, worthy sneers. [1]

The problem is not in the negative teenage phase existence, which is followed by the positive phase of interests naturally, and that it comes at modern children too late, usually after 13, and even 14 years. Thus adults, caring of future prospects, expect from the children of a great interest to any, sometimes even to defined (traditional for a family or chosen as it) area of science, culture or practice. These expectations become for the teenager still staying in a phase of inclinations, the external circumstance which quite often have the deforming, psychologically injuring impact. [2]

Interests of youth are defined by its economic, social and political role in society: some of them live in the past, listening to stories of seniors about fine time when all problems were allegedly successfully solved; others, on the contrary, aggressively behave in relation to all innovations, criticize everyone and everything; the third, having despaired, leave in anywhere, drink, use drugs, turn into bums, come on the criminal way; the fourth start looking for "a way to God", enter different religious groups, are fond of mysticism and sorcery; the fifth, understanding that only by means of own activity it is possible to achieve success in life, look for solutions of the arising problems.

According to the senior generation, the present youth isn't busy with anything except night clubs with the stupefying music, the seas of alcohol and debauchery. And imperceptibly that generation doesn't pay attention to the hugest number of fans of other, healthy entertainments.

At last, what is modern youth busy with? It is possible to make a certain statistics of hobbies of a huge amount of the looked-through material and supervision:

- Social networks: social networks became the real boom of the last years. Probably, any more didn't remain among youth (and now and among the adult and even elderly generation) such who has no page on "schoolmates", "in contact" and other social networks, or those who at least didn't think to create it.

- Blogs: the Internet expands the audience. Now it is fashionable to have in a network blogs - peculiar diaries where it is possible to express the opinion, to tell about the thoughts and feelings, to place the songs, verses, stories, photos, drawings. For many people the blogs became means of self-expression, and for someone is free advertising of the ideas.

- Fitness, dances, sport: now to control the physical shape is becoming a sign of a good form and a sign of attention to the health and appearance.

- Cinema: it remains still the leader for entertaining among modern hobbies. The industry of cinema can satisfy practically any taste, with a choice of any problems.

- Music: habitual element of human life. But if it earlier often carried out an applied character, used for dances or to diversify the long road, now music is becoming the way to show the identity. Ability to understand modern musical culture became property of any developed person.

- Cars: now the car isn't only a vehicle, but the opportunity to show off to friends. However, this hobby isn't cheap.

- Food: shops emergence with the rich range of exotic products which name we even didn't hear, gradually turns people in gourmets. Even having a set of the most widespread products, now it is possible to prepare something overseas.

- Books: contrary to a popular belief, people still like to read. Of course, tastes and addictions are differ. But today both classics and modern literature remains popular. Especially as now it is simpler to get books: all novelties can be bought in shops, taken in libraries or it is simple to download on the Internet.

- Animated films: somehow unexpectedly it became clear that modern animation became the most interesting and extensive genre of pop culture.

- Computer games: if several years ago teenagers and youth were admirers of computer games only, now also adults are fond of toys. The great amount of games makes everyone find something to his own taste.

This list of hobbies is not still full as in the different cities there are especially popular hobbies. Modern youth has a lot of hobbies at its disposal. Simplifying it is not so noticeable in comparison with universal circulation of children in section as at the Soviet Union times.

List of references

1. Vygotsky L.S. Problems of age: Collected works: In 6 v.; V.4. - M.: Pedagogy, 1984. - page 244-268

2. Frolov of Yu.I. Teenager's psychology: The anthology – M.: Russian pedagogical agency, 1997. – 526 pages of ISBN 5 - 86825 – 023 - 0