Медицина. Клиническая медицина

O.A.Gulyaeva, O.V. Basharova, D.V. Gareeva

Bashkir state medical university, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF HALITOSIS PATIENTS

Abstract: Halitosis - one of the most widespread adverse conditions of an oral cavity which is suffered by about 70% of the population of the globe. For research of this pathology complex stomatologic examination and questioning of 355 patients of AUZ RSP within 5 months has been conducted. The conducted research, has shown that the problem of a galitoz at the patients who have asked for the stomatologic help, depends on their stomatologic status and a way of life.

Key words: halitosis, bad breath, somatodisodiya

Relevance. At present, much attention given to the problem of halitosis - stable unpleasant smell from the mouth. [2] The urgency of the problem of halitosis has medical and psychological aspects. Its presence may be an indicator of pathology of various organs and systems of the body, and secondly, halitosis have a tremendous negative impact on the social life of the individual. [3] The frequency of halitosis in Europe is 50-65%. According to the American Dental Association in the United States suffer from this disease 30% of the population. In Russian halitosis incidence is within 30-50% of [1,4]. Sociological studies in different countries show increasing number of people who are concerned about bad breath. Halitosis - bad breath that not removed by conventional means of prevention and hygiene. Currently in dentistry, there are new new possibilities and solutions of this problem. Dentist - one of the main experts in charge of halitosis problem both in research and in practical health care. Generally, patients with symptoms of halitosis primarily go to the dentist. Halitosis problem can give rise to attract public attention to oral hygiene.

Enormous role played by dietary patterns in this issue. A diet rich in proteins, which are the sources of dairy and meat products, enrich the oral environment as a substrate for the production of volatile sulfur compounds. Because the end-products of metabolism of proteins are ammonium compounds with alkaline properties (ammonia, urea) ph environment increases, which promotes the growth of anaerobic bacteria and the production of volatile sulfur compounds. A diet rich in carbohydrates conversely reduces ph environment and inhibits the production of these compounds. Fizzy drinks sweetened with sugar substitutes can cause oral halitosis. Excessive coffee drinking contributes to the rapid proliferation of micro-organisms, formed a "coffee breath". Alcohol increases the dryness of the oral mucosa reducing its protective capabilities. Over time, chronic alcohol consumption leads to the degeneration and destruction of precancerous changes of the mucous membrane. Also of great importance to this issue, it is fasting, nervous stress and hormonal fluctuations. The use of drugs can also provoke oral halitosis through a change in the balance of microflora. Systemic diseases and metabolic disorders can also be the culprits of bad breath. There is a term pseudo-halitosis, which occurs when the patient has the smell of exhaled air at a level close to the threshold of perception, overestimates the severity of the problem. Most people are mistaken in good faith with respect to the quality of your breath: a significant proportion of patients are not aware of halitosis, while people with fresh breath is absolutely convinced of the opposite.

Purpose of the study. Analysis of the problem of halitosis patients who sought dental care, assessing the relationship of halitosis manifestations of oral hygiene and caries intensity.

Materials and Methods: During 5 months was conducted dental examination 355 patients «АУЗ РСП», which included a survey, examination, medical history, dental examination, assessment of the CPU index, OHI-S and surveys according to our questionnaire. The obtained results were statistically processed using standard methods.

Results and discussion: As a result of the study, the average value of the index CPU surveyed was - 7,25 ± 1,15; the average value of OHI-S index - 2,4 ± 0,8.

Frequency analysis of the manifestations of halitosis showed that of 355 patients interviewed:

1. 215 - 60.56% smell almost immediately after brushing and in the course of the day. CPU value in the study of this group was 6,9 ± 0,3 (highest rate of intensity of caries), hygiene index - OHI-S 3,1 ± 0,4.

2. 68 (19.2%) feel bad breath throughout the day, and the average intensity of caries lesions in the group in accordance with the CPU index of 3,9 ± 0,8 (this is the average intensity), the value of the Green-Vermilion index was 2, 3 ± 0,5

3. 72 people (20.24%), which are the results of the survey do not complain of bad breath, have an average rate of caries intensity equal to 2,4 ± 0,7 (which is low according to the WHO classification), OHI-S 1,8 index ± 0,2.

The survey showed that hygiene products (mouthwash, dental floss, brushes) use 147 patsients - it is 41,4% of interviewed. 307 of interviewed have related gastrointestinal disease - 86.5%. Alcohol and tobacco use 165 people - is 46.4%, the index of medium intensity amounted to 7 (very high figure). Fizzy drinks and coffee are often used 352 people, accounting for 98.87%. And sports are engaged and follow the diet 56 - only 15.7%; the index of this group of persons amounted to 4 (moderate value). On the question of whether you regularly visit a dentist - responded positively 136 -38.31%.

Conclusion. Thus, by analyzing the collected material, we found that more than half of the respondents (60.56%) often feels bad breath. According to results of the questionnaire feeling of freshness in the oral cavity is maintained only for a short time after teeth brushing. At the same time of the need to use additional means of oral hygiene knows less than half of responders. We found that almost half of the respondents regularly consumes alcohol and tobacco, and engaged in sports and efficiently fed just a sixth of our patients. Also 38.31% of all people regularly visiting the dentist's office. We established a direct correlation of the degree of halitosis and intensity depending on level of hygiene: patients with somatodisodiey have a high level of intensity of dental caries and poor hygiene, and patients who are not worried about this pathology have a lowest index CPU and a satisfactory or good hygiene. Results of the study can be recommended to pay more attention to communication patient with dentist about the benefits of high-quality health, the dangers of smoking and alcohol for the body as a whole and the oral cavity, the importance of regular dental visits, prevention of halitosis.

Bibliography:

1. Abraham O. Halitosis: a new problem in dentistry / OG Abraham // Dentistry. for all. - 2004. - № 1. - S. 18-20.

2. Mishchenko MN Clinical and diagnostic value of halitosis gingivitis. Chita, 2009. - 3 p.

3. Popruzhenko T.V. Halitosis / T.V. Popruzhenko, N.V. Shakovets. M .: MEDpress-2006 - 48.

4. Solovyov A.M. The problem of halitosis medical aspect / A.M. Solovyov // Tr. VII All-Russia. Dental Congress. - 2001. - P. 348-349.