Филологические науки/8. Родной язык и литература

Nurtay A., Smagulova G.T.

Buketov Karaganda State University

Abai’s influence on works of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly

One of the great poets and modern founders of Chinese-Kazakh literature, ethnic representative of Kazakh literature in the world, a well-educated, talented poet Tanzharyk Zholdyuly was born on March 15^th, 1903 in Ili-Kazakh Autonomous, in the center of the Kunesdistrict, Bestobe, Kamysty village. Mynbay molda, having a deep acquaintance of literature, value of Islamic,Arabic, Persian literature, started teaching him in 1910.It was Mynbaimolda who he started learning and writing from the Chagatai language based on Arabic alphabet. After 3 year studying at Mynbai molda he joined madrasah for studying literature and word buiding. Tanzharyk took part in special meeting, aitys, poetry evenings.

The poet one of Naiman ancestor, stem by stem from matai family, in the nature of kyzai, derbis, sady. [1]

After the October revolution in Russia he settled in Kazakhstan in January 1923. He had lived there for over 3 years and started reading the works by writers such as Abai, AkhmetBaitursynov, Myrzhakyp Dulatov, and also Russian classics such as Pushkin, thus improving his education.

Starting his creative work the poet followed great founders of Kazakh written classical literature. In describing the landscapes poet have got an obvious influence of the works byAbai Kunanbayev. While writing his own works, that is the "Spring Fable" and "Summer Fable", Tanzharyk was inspired from the time period of Abai’s life.

The Kazakh people are united with nature,they are very close to each other. From the ancient times people were in pursuit of new and fresh mirages of desert, being interested in this unique phenomenon of nature.Chance to lookinto the deep world of nature discloses the potential for creative narration. In the days of Mukhtar Auezov "… while rejoicing in the wide open spaces and outdoor mixing beautiful colors of the earth, greens, water, tree, mountain and stone, with a wonderful imagination and with free head a boy grows,alone connected with nature"[2, here and further there is authors’ free interpretation] has beenwritten about the types of steppes in Kazakh literature in China, a wonderful description of nature by Tanzharyk based on the example of Abai’s works. Generally speaking there is the truth that there are many poems dedicated to earth, water and nature scenes in the rich oral literature. Tanzharyk was also inspired by this idea, but his writing had its own characteristic features according to the seasons.

The skills of the poet can be noticedby describing the seasons in the poem "Spring Fable":

The winter is over, warmed

On the ground, there is snow melted and frost gone,

The earth has been renovated

Being a good period for people and cattle

There is noankle-depth snow

Earth revealed his shape...

These lines are consonant with the content of Abai`s poem "Beginning of summer", where there were applied the folk customes.

Poet is close-knit to nature. He describes the seasons in a characteristic coloring. In Tanzharyk`s verse one can see how the patterns of the seasons are intertwined by a strict order. Tanzharyk Zholdyuly is «a poet - an artist who first mentally creates the image of a poem and applies the relevant itemstogether with a description of people actions, and then his thoughts appear in paper» [3].

To prove the fact we can introduce for your consideration one of his poems called "Summer Fable":

On the bustling people streets there was the dawn,

The sleeping people in the night revived.

The excited youngster rambled

Undressing and playfully stirring

In the bustling courtyard there is a sheep, outside there is a cow,

By lasso there is a stallion, there is a mare from the side.

A wide street being evenly filled

Pushing people interfered with each other

The dogwas hit, the child cried, and bull kicked,

Stepping on the fallen cargo, the cow escaped.

The elders noticed and said:

«Let comfy pasturebe here».

This passage illuminates the nature of Kazakhstan`s society and reflects the nomadic life in a typical summer pastures. So it is real and familiar vision of the description of nature. In this poem there are some similarities with the work by Abai "Summer", but there are different contents. If Abai describes in his poem only one specific point of summer, for example, how people move their yurts closer to the lake in villages in July, but in Tanzharyk`s narrations there is shown real interest of people in small details. For example, how they plough beds on the convenient edges, keeping mare to have a kumys, how they set the samovar on fire, how they wander from place to place and how they cut the grass and much more another things. Reading the poem you will unwittingly plunge into this unremarkable life. There is a great mind to get on a horse and ride to this green pasture. Therefore, while reading a poem, the reader will imagine all of these psychological visions with his own eyes. A famous scientist Z. Seitzhanov came to the following point of view: the virgin rural nature is in harmony with craft labor. Deepness of national colors in the poems by Tanzharyk acquaints us with another feature of the description. The poet relying upon the real truth describes the actions of people sitting in nature’s lap with special skill, describing exactly their state of mind [4].

Tanzharyk having described the nature discovered dissimilar Crescent-shaped ornaments... Songs, the words, dance are dedicated for it. While reading his works one’s heart starts beating faster. Natural sincerity and lyricism is concerned with the inner world, involuntary make you travelling to the embrace of nature. Passion and excess of love are outburst" [5].

Despite on things Tanzharyk as a poet-painter affects the spiritual world of man and depicts the inner world in character of nature with exceptional intelligibility.

Writing the poems Tanzharyk aspires to maximize the highest artistry diligently seeking to Abai`s level. He sought to generate the art poetry that thrilling the heart by means of simple combination, strong harmonies, beautiful images of words, fascinating rhythm, graceful verses, then to be connected by his thoughts in poems. He was guided to a large extent by Abai`s example in reviving Kazakh`s written art literature. In descriptions of nature he was the first who had searched for a sample image of land, water, mountains, steppes and geographical environment giving rise to the harmony between them. However, one can truly notice that the artistic image of the people, kept in memory, the national traditions and customs dominate in his poetry.

One of the special skill facets of Tanzharyk isdefined by the cycle descriptionof nature. Tanzharyk, the poet, being inspired with nature amazing beauty,constructed the monument and sculpture of native land in his descriptions. In one word, stylistic techniques givea push to idea of natureartistry. As the outstanding scientist, academician Z. Kabdolov said: "The fate of human, feelings and mood is not just the picture of nature. Picture of nature determines the style of writer, and the style of person! Picture of nature reveals the secret image and the image of a man!" [6]. "In a variety of bright and natural images of Tanzharyk there is his own style and direction. Reading the natural lyrics of the poet, there are the actions, deeds, colours, hard feelings, voices and songs rising to view" [7].

Poetry applies the forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation of words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve the musical or incantatory effects. The application of ambiguity, symbolism, irony and other stylistic elements often leaves open the multiple interpretations. Similarly figures of speech such as metaphor, simile and metonymy create a resonance between otherwise disparate images, that is, layering of meanings. Thus, Tanzharyk`s pieces of art highlight the richness and the fullness. In his poetry there are many different artistic techniques, such as embellishment, reincarnation, all kinds of style, epithet, metaphor, synecdoche, symbol, comparison, exaggeration, personification etc.

While describing a peculiar phenomena, an amazing palette of nature, Tanzharyk cried telling about great mysteries, applying many personifications. There lyrics ispredominate in personification applied in characteristic manner, giving beneficial effect by means of aesthetic power.

Vivid nature is presented with stormy colors, blossoming, transfusing and playing. According to a great Abai "the thick tree`s leaves whispered together", so the animals, poplar, willow, herbs and you vivify in the Descriptions of Tanzharyk. As well as the people talk, laugh, offend, sing and dance. Every bouquet of flowers, every bush and different animals seem to become alive, having found an inspired image." [8].

The technique of personification in Kazakh folklore is the mean of embellishment in the literary language. Abai was the first who applied this extreme mastery of reincarnation and found these stylistic means. Relying upon Abai’s teachings and behavior Tanzharyk considered him as the man with creative mastery abilities. His "Sceneries of Ili" has the similar moments bound with Abai`s poems "Winter", "Beginning of summer" and Lermontov's translated poem "The gifts of Terek". However, techniques of impersonation by Tanzharyk are distinguished by his own peculiarity.

The Sun, laughing, the whole world was illuminated by its rays

Running them into the escaped face of nature

Joyfully brightening near the threshold,

Like a groom coming to the bride's house

Covering the face with dew, transformed the earth

Like a long time waiting for the dowry.

Abai and Tanzharyk describe a day as a groom and embody a dowry as a land in the poems. However, the character of their writings is deeply different, due to Abai’s describing the sun as the ruler of the world, and the Earth as the mother of life in our planet; while Tanzharyk’s depicting the sun as ordinary, a real citizen of the world, as the groom, who firstly came to the bride's house, smiling and peering in the house over the threshold. The earth waiting for the rays of sun is embodied as an ordinary rural girl, who having received news of the groom’s arrival put on his face the "dew" [7. 38].

There is the nature of mountains fully followed by the technique of impersonation in the poems of Tanzharyk. Comparison of the whole mountains world, plants and animals is the similar one according to the people and their characteristic actions. Reading the descriptions, one can appreciate these beautiful images, feeling experience as if we were within this reality. For example, due to the descriptions of akyn (bard), the stones falling from the mountains are associated with a small child who asks for mother’s breast. The young ascends of thickets’ canes shaked in the wind, growing near the river’s bank. Woodpecker knocked the tree which echoed the sounds of animals and birds. The owl got up straight and wagged his tail, prettified with beads as a young girl. The top of the mountain, becoming enveloped by the clouds, was shrouded in a light mist, there is the water flowed meandering in the hollow. With a pleasure walking at the festival of summer, there is flowing lonely, a quietly moaning creek. The pine without removing the black coat neither in winter nor in summer, craved like a sick old man. When clouds, appearing and passing, closed the sun, blood interspersed with tears flowing from its eyes. She sighed, heavily grieving. Being angry to hardly fit in a black coat like a huge peri (elve), kissed the nearest white poplar, and again bending out of pride. If the birches in their red dresses with ruffles smiling looked at her, a sad pie plant, swinging rowan, and swaying leaves in a low voice will be gossiping about them. Dinky currant, wearing embroidered kimeshek, stares at hawthorn. If leaping cuckoo sing, a mountain turkey, nightingale, owl crowd together to the song like a plucky young blood, strawberry, every thing under the influence of tunes covered by the joy and beginning to dance…

Tanzharyk Zholdyuly is an artist poet like Abai, who has formed a great Kazakh poetry with a huge responsibility and took his own place in Kazakh literature.

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