Martynov, S. Yu., Ph. D., associate Professor, Kunitskiy S. O., Ph. D., Minaeva N. L., Ph. D.

National University of water management and nature resources use, Ukraine, Rivne

The features of the process of water treatment from natural underground sources

For economic-drinking needs of all drinking water about 31% of it groundwater. When you use these waters most often need that they need iron removal, demangeat and naftalene.

Ukraine is extremely important is the issue of the fence and potable water of adequate quality. The average daily consumption of water per 1 city resident of Ukraine is 220...300 litres per day, and in the big cities of Europe – 100...200 liters Average consumption of water per 1 rural inhabitant of Ukraine, depending on the region, is in most cases 30 to 50 liters, which is due, primarily, to the low quality supplied to the population of water with the concentration of iron in it. In addition, enterprises of Ukraine are used in technological cycles of water, which should be of higher quality than tap.

Long-term use of man water with a high content of iron leads to liver disease, increases the risk of heart attack, negative impact on the reproductive function of the body. An excess of manganese gives water a pink color and flavor, disease of the skeletal system. Water with high iron content (more than 0.3 mg/l) and manganese (0.1 mg/l) causes inconvenience in everyday life, unpleasant taste [1].

In recent years, the quality of water resources, despite the decline in consumption is gradually deteriorating, which is why Ukraine adopted a long-term national program "Drinking water of Ukraine" for 2011-2020, which refers to measures to provide the population with quality drinking water in sufficient quantity and of adequate quality. Therefore, water treatment is one of the priority directions of development of water management in our time.

Depending on the content of iron, manganese, sulfide, alkalinity and turbidity, water temperature, pH, General and carbonate hardness and Okinawans determine method of water purification. The determining factors in the layout of wastewater treatment plants is the chemical composition of water, the desired degree of iron removal and the performance of the station.

When deironing water use chemical method of iron removal by the introduction into water of special oxidizing agents or baseregistry method, depending on the chemical composition of water. Baseregistry method is simpler and cheaper and is based on the principle of aeration of the water. The essence of the method lies in the fact that aeration devices underground water is saturated with oxygen, thus partially removes the carbonic acid and partially oxidized iron from ferrous to trivalent form. This method is effective provided that the content of bivalent iron in water is more than 70%, pH≥6.8, hydrogen sulfide content not more than 2 mg/l [1, 3].

In practice, the construction of iron removal stations the most widespread method of simplified aeration is used to oxidize dissolved iron in nonchemical method. The basis of it is based on numerous field studies of work stations deferrization. The construction of the above technology is cheaper and more simple in comparison with chemical methods is widespread in many CIS countries [3].

An important criterion in the design of wastewater treatment plants is the type of filters and type of backfill for them. The parameters of the filter filling can significantly affect the efficiency of the process of deferrization of water. The filter fillings it is advisable to use sand, slag, tuff, gravel, zeolite, agloporit, expanded polystyrene and others.

Experience in the design and use of filters of granular materials is more than 20 years. Designed filters operate on objects of Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Rivne regions [1,3].

Our research is aimed at solving important applied and sectoral social issues – providing people and businesses with water quality, through the development and justification of technical measures to reduce the cost of cleaning, renovation of old water treatment plants by means of installation of new equipment.

A separate commercial product polystyrene foam, which is why it is necessary to produce in the laboratory by foaming the raw material commodity styrene. The most famous methods of making polystyrene filling is the treatment of commodity polystyrene steam, hot air or hot water. It should be noted that the process of foaming polystyrene complicated because there is a problem for the production of expanded polystyrene filling the desired diameter.

Modeling of the process of deferrization and research settings like this backfill was conducted in a laboratory setting. The thickness of the filling was set empirically and was made a height of 100 cm, the maximum diameter of granules of 5 mm, minimum 2 mm. Before the research was carried out charging the filter backfill, by passing within 80 hours of the model solution with a high concentration of iron. Pellet filling the formed catalytic film, which further facilitates extraction of the colloids of iron from source water. Polystyrene filling at the end of each fltration require rinsing, since the degree of calmutchi of granules increases and the quality of the filtrate ceases to meet regulatory requirements [2,4].

At the existing industrial wastewater treatment plants leaching detainees of iron compounds may occur not fully. This is due to the duration fltration content in the input water amount of iron, the composition of the related compounds in artesian water, inadequate intensity or duration of the wash, there was inadequate water for flushing, human factor and other conditions.

Literature:

1. Orlov V. A. Videocine filter of granular backfill. Monograph – Rivne: NUWMNRU, 2005. – 163 p. 2. Mints D. M. Theoretical foundations of water purification technology / D. M. Mintz. - M. : Stroiizdat, 1964. – 156 p. 3. Orlov V. A. contact mobilesmania water on polystyrene filters. V. A. Orlov, S. Yu. Martynov. Monograph. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publisher ist ein. Germany 2015 – 130 C. 4. Floresce C. Buletinul stiintific al Universitaii “Politehnica” din Timisoara, Romania seria hidrotehnica. Tomul 55(69), Fascicola1: Optimization of the open fast filtelrs exploitation from surface drinking water station / Florescu Constantin, Podoleanu Corneliu Eusebiu. // 2010. – p. 185-189.