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Hodzhaniyazova Zhanar Togabeyevna
Taraz Innovation and
Humanities University, of
Kazakhstan
Environmental management is one of the priorities of the strategy of
development of Kazakhstan
Transition to ecologically safe and sustainable development is now
becoming one of the priority directions of strategy of development of
Kazakhstan. In conditions of lack of material and financial resources they need
guidance on solving the most acute environmental problems. Humanity was faced
with the choice of those new requirements that the biosphere is demanded. There are :
• Bio-compatibility on the basis of knowledge and uses of laws of conservation of the biosphere;
• Moderation in consumption of natural resources, overcoming of the wastefulness of the consumer
structure of society:
• Mutual tolerance and peacefulness of the peoples of the world in relations
with each other.
All of these claims involve the movement of humanity to a single, global
integrity-based collaborative creation and maintenance of new planetary
membranes, which V.I. Vernadsky (1988,Ñ.520) called the
ionosphere.
The term «ecology» was first offered in 1866 by the German scientist - naturalist Ý.Ãåêêåëåì (2007, p. 144) for the characterization of the set of processes of
self-regulation, which arise in the communities of organisms when cooperation
with each other and with the environment.
Proceeding from the aforesaid about realization of the ecological policy of the
state, you can select the following items:
• direct regulation - regulatory, administrative and control measures, direct
regulation, etc.
• economic incentives for the development of market mechanisms;
• mixed mechanisms - a combination of the first two approaches.
Analyzing the experience of the countries of the former Soviet Union and
Europe, it can be argued that sustainable ecologically balanced economic development of the state is
inefficient rigid centralized planning and management. Forests occupy only 3%
of the country, or 1% according to international standards. The deforestation was increased by unauthoirized logging. Volume of works on restoration of forests was decreased
3.2 times. For the last 20-30 years the area of wild fruit forests has
decreased in a quarter, and saxaul plantations - 40%. In Kyzylorda and Almaty
oblasts, in connection with regulation of river runoff of the rivers Syrdarya and
Or desertification occurs deltaic areas and destruction of tugai forests. For
the territory of North-Kazakhstan region there are grounds to speak about the
disappearance of natural landscapes of the steppe and forest-steppe as a result
of extensive agriculture. One of the areas of conservation of landscape and
biological diversity, conservation of forest key habitats of rare animals and
plants is to create a network of protected natural territories of different
status. Existing 8 nature reserves of Kazakhstan cover only about 0.28% of the
territory of the Republic, and all types of protected natural territories
(reserves, sanctuaries, national parks, natural monuments, Botanical gardens)
is occupied by 2,8%.
To solve the above-described priority environmental issues should:
• undertake institutional transformations in environmental activities;
• optimize its financing;
• to improve the legislation, monitoring and reporting system;
• to involve academia, NGOs and the public in solution of ecological problems;
• to create a system of environmental education and upbringing.
All these objectives are reflected in the developed by the Ministry of ecology
and natural resources, strategic plans for priority actions in the field of
environmental protection (1998 - 2000 and 1998, agreed with the National action
plan on environment protection for sustainable development of the Republic of
Kazakhstan (NEAP SD). Long-term strategy "Ecology and natural resources -
2030" was developed on the basis of the Concept of sustainable development
and the plan of UR of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Strategy of development of Kazakhstan for the period 1998-2000 in the field of
environment protection and nature management has defined the role of the
environmental sector in social and economic development of the country. The
Central theme of the strategy is the relationship between environment and
economic activity. Development of ecologically justifiable strategy became the
basis for the preparation of projects aimed at solving priority environmental
problems. The main intent and purpose of the long-term environmental strategy
are harmonization of interaction of society and environment, and also creation
of ecologically favorable environment. To achieve this goal in the period to
2030 four priority areas are selected: the formation of an ecologically safe environment, a balanced use of
natural resources, preservation of the diversity of flora and fauna, and
ecological education. In the long-term strategy four stages are chosen :1998-2000; 2001-2010; 2011-2020 and
2021-2030's. For each stage set your goals, identified priorities and tasks to
be solved with regard to the harmonization of national policies with regional
and international environmental policy. For management of nature protection and
ensuring the rational use of natural resources the relevant agencies are
established, on which the following
tasks are entrusted:
• control on nature protection activities,
• development and implementation of a unified scientific and technical policy
in conservation and rational use of natural resources, coordination of
activities in this area
• state control over the use and protection of lands, surface and underground
waters, atmospheric air, flora and fauna of the marine environment and natural
resources
References
1. Elemesov KI Economic modeling and real politics .
Kazakhstan : the economy and the life - ¹ 3 - 4 ,
2 . Kazakhstan : in facts and figures . - Almaty :
Statistics, 2011
3 . Materials , " Interregional Center of
Business Cooperation"