Kuzhekeeva K.M.
Kostanay
state university of A.Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
The organization of independent work of students of economic specialties
in the conditions of block and rating system
The
development of the system of students' independent work as separate component in the organization of
the learning process is defined by the main idea of the Bologna system -
creation of conditions for the development of student's personality, his
formation as an independent, mobile, reagent subject of professional
activities.
Independent
work of the student of a higher educational institution is defined as a special
training - cognitive activity, means of increase of creative activity and
professional skill with the help of performance of various tasks of
educational, research and self-educational character with the use of modern
learning technologies. In educational standards for out-of-class work given not
less than a half of school hours of the student, despite it the standard in
many cases isn't maintained. Many educational tasks aren't configured for
active work of students, their performance can be often carried out at the
level of a number of formal actions, without creative approach.
System and activity
approaches have to become methodological base of the organization of
independent work of the student. These methods are successfully realized when
using modular, block and rating system of the training, which main advantages,
in our opinion, focus on the student's final result, a holistic perception of
the course. Studying of each module is logical continuation previous. It allows
to learn most fully level of readiness and to consider specific features of
trainees. The student can operate with the educational contents itself, only in
this case it is acquired consciously and strongly, thus the intelligence
develops, ability to self-training, self-education, self-organization is
formed, uncertainty disappears, creative activity increases. And, at
last, the most important – raises the interest to educational process that
positively affects level of knowledge and skills of students. Indispensable
condition of the organization of independent work of the student is methodical
ensuring of educational process and restructuring the content of education
within modular technology of education.
Reduction
of lectures and increase in a practical
exercises
has to be accompanied complete structurally -substantial reorganization within
competence-based model of the graduate. Methodical ensuring of educational
process also has to conform to requirements of a modern paradigm of
education, it has to be built in
modular structure with use of modern information technologies. Training is
conducted by the principle of gradual accumulation of knowledge, transition to the following module is
carried out after full assimilation previous, with each student individually.
Elaboration of a complex methodical ensuring of educational process is the most important
condition of efficiency of independent work of the student. Productivity of
independent work of students in many respects is defined by existence of active
methods of its control. First of all it should be noted the rating monitoring
system applied in many higher education institutions. Use of the rating system
allows to achieve more rhythmical work of the student during a semester, and activates the cognitive activity of
students by stimulation of their creative activity. Introduction of a rating demands
from the teacher structuring the content of disciplines, development of tasks
of different level of complexity etc.
So in
particular, when studying discipline within the credits, it is possible to
proceed from calculation of 5 lectures – 5 modules. On lecture exercises it is
necessary to pay attention on the content of the module, to explain that will
be studied on a practical training, what material is subject to independent
studying, to specify recommended literature, electronic sources. When studying each module on a
practical training , studying of the
material possibly in the following sequence (look at picture).
Picture 1. Sequence of studying of
a material on a practical training
Herewith the possible evaluation only the
last two stages.
Increase of
activity and discipline of students is promoted by performance of individual
homework for each module. It isn't casual that in this scheme
individual homework stands at the end, before the final stage of the study module.
Performance of individual homework yourself with check of results by the
teacher, accustoms students to use all received knowledge of this section, it
is competent and correct to carry out technical calculations, to use computing
means and help data. The studied material is acquired more deeply, at students
the relation to adjusting lectures as without understanding of the theory of a
subject, without the good abstract it is difficult to count on success in the
solution of a task. It improves attendance.
Out-of-class
work includes not only preparation for a practical training, performance of an individual task, but also in the true
sense of the word, independent studying of a subject. So, for example, when
studying discipline "The financial account according to IFRS «International Financial Reporting Standards» to students was defined the list of the international
standards which they had to study, using the materials located on a site of the
ministry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Students, studying methodical
instructions, had to will plunge into real practice of the account at the
enterprises. When performing such tasks, it became clear that students met considerable
difficulties. Inability to work with a such format of information: acts,
instructions to look through large volume of information, to define the main
thing, essence, to do generalization, to interpret on examples, etc.
Independent work should
be assessed, on the so-called classes of «independent work of a student together
with the teacher».
After formation of
basic abilities, at the end of course studying, the creative task is offered to
students: to write the essay or the scientific report on problem subject.
Thus, independent study
has to be considered as the main form of the organization of the educational
process, providing possibility of effective transition from educational and
cognitive to independent practical professional
activity and allowing to prepare specialists researchers of modern type.
References
1. Zahozhaya T.M. Independent work of students in the organization of
the educational process in the system of credit and test units // Achievements
of modern natural science. – 2008. – ¹ 7 – Ñ. 112-113
2.http://www.elitarium.ru/2005/09/06/modulnoe_obuchenie_v_sistemnom_obrazovanii_vzroslykh.html