Karmanova Zh.A., Nefedovа, O.A. Manashova G.O., Kitibayeva A.K.

The Karaganda state university of academician E.A.Buketova, Karaganda

Condition and prevention of deviant behavior of teenagers

Recently deterioration of a state of health, decrease in level of physical development of children and teenagers is noted. Today in the Republic of Kazakhstan the high incidence of this group of the population is noted. The index of health of children makes 13-20% [1].

In 2002 declared by the President of RK on Year of Health, at medical examination about 1 million 700 thousand pupils of comprehensive schools of Kazakhstan at the age of 12-18 years it is revealed that 44,6% from them have various pathology. The leading place is taken by diseases of digestive organs which every sixth pupil has. Further diseases of respiratory organs, nervous system and the musculoskeletal device follow.

Incidence of mental and behavioural disorders at children and teenagers grows. For today from all suffering mental and behavioural disorders every fourth is a child. Thus, rates of a gain of this pathology at teenagers exceed those at adults twice.

According to the Republican scientific and practical center of psychiatry, psychology and drug addiction (2002) in Kazakhstan the number of mental and behavioural disorders makes 322 671 cases, including: adults have 240 729 cases, teenagers have 23 487 cases, children have 58 455 cases a year. Every eighth teenager has various pathology from mentality and nervous system.

It is necessary to establish that fact that faster rates incidence of psycho-behavioural frustration as a result of the use of psychoactive agents to which drugs and alcohol belong grows. Only for the last year about 8 thousand new cases that determined growth at children aged till 15 years – for 22%, at teenagers from 14 to 18 years – for 32,7% are registered.

Alcoholism at teenagers for the last 4 years grew 2,5 times. Only in 2002 at the psychiatrist more than 5000 teenagers for the first time were registered. Alcoholism at children aged till 14 years for the last 4 years grew by 21 times. In 2002 mental and behavioural disorders because of the use of alcoholic beverages are registered at psychiatrists at 610 children.

Narcodependent teenagers in Kazakhstan about one and a half thousand, from them children till 14 years – 385 are registered.

It is well-known that the set of factors under the influence of which he is formed as the personality has essential impact on behavior of the child, its health, both mental, and physical remains or worsens.

On the basis of RK Agency data statistically mortality from suicides in the republic made 29,9 on 100 thousand population. In 2006 there were 4462 suicides, from them in age group of 10-18 years – 154 among young men and 57 – among girls. Among persons from 10 to 24 years finished life suicide of 678 young people that made 15,1% from all cases. Persons aged till 18 years committed about 8 thousand crimes. Concerning minors about 3 thousand crimes from which more than a half – heavy and especially heavy about 300 rapes are registered are committed.

Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable and unprotected layer of our society. Confirmation of it is imperfection of the standard and legal base protecting interests of children and especially of children with deviant behavior.

Though in August, 2002 the law RK "About the Rights of the Child in the Republic of Kazakhstan" [2] is adopted, however it doesn't protect children and teenagers with deviatny behavior from bias and society misunderstanding. Their rights and to education aren't protected. In this regard decisive joint efforts of many ministries and the departments allowing effectively to influence current situation are necessary.

Now there is an active reforming of school education, turn of all system towards instilling in school students of life skills. The following steps are necessary for increase of efficiency of the efforts directed on a solution of the problem of deviant behavior of children, teenagers and youth: the analysis of efficiency of existing educational programs on formation of a healthy lifestyle of school students; combination of the existing programs concerning formation of skills of a healthy lifestyle, instilling of safe behavior; creation of special educational and other programs for children with deviatny behavior for the purpose of behavior correction, and ensuring availability of this group to education and leisure; improvement of legislative and legal base; creation of the tolerant relation of society to such children, based on support of the state structures of different level and non-governmental organizations; purposeful work with parents, creation for them training programs; studying and distribution of experience of pilot programs on formation of mental health of children and teenagers.

Thus, health and a way of life of children and teenagers in the Republic of Kazakhstan cause alarm and demand special attention of all interested ministries, departments and the public; in Kazakhstan there is a problem of children with the deviant behavior which number has an obvious tendency to growth; demands the detailed analysis of a condition of incidence of mental and behavioural disorders from school students for acceptance of adequate measures at the state level; imperfection of legislative base, absence of the programs directed on such children, ignorance in this area of parents and teachers dictates need of creation by joint efforts of experts of an education system, health care, social and legal services of a package of the documents, allowing to solve problems of children with deviant behavior; active involvement of parents, teachers, experts in the field of health care and psychology is necessary, for the public to realization of all joint actions.

Literature:

1. Akanov A.A. etc. How to organize healthy lifestyle formation (experience of Kazakhstan) / A.A.Akanov, S.T.Seydumanov, M.O.Mirzabekov. - Almaty, 2000. – 112 pages.

2. The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan of August 8, 2002 No. 345-II "About the rights of the child in the Republic of Kazakhstan" (with changes and additions as of 04.07.2013). - http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=1032460.