Logvinov Alexey Andreevich

Director of State budget educational institution College of Social workers №16,

Moscow, Russia

Color semantics and its problem thematic area from the technical aesthetics aspect

The laws of artistic creativity in the sphere of technology and production are the part of art science, the science about beauty, which is known as technical aesthetics. The important place in it is occupied by the change of production environment and creation of the comfort zone for people, along with the development of favorable color scheme, noise and vibration limitation, workplace installation and others.

Cleanliness and order make compulsory part of any production facility, as they appear to be the first and elementary requirements of production practices; at the same time a great role in it is played by color and lightness. Color scheme of production facilities interior and technological equipment has an impact on different indicators including improvement of working conditions, employee exhaustion, work productivity and the quality of produced goods. In particular, it was found by psychologists and sociologists that orange color is perceived to be incandescent and hot. People say that orange color warms, braces up and stimulates activity (Zemlyanskaya A.T.-G. / Kerimova [3]).

Blue color reminds of water, distance and cold. This color is perceived as fresh, clear, airy and light. It is believed that under influence of blue color the physical tension weakens, it may regulate the breath rhythm and calm down the pulse. According to Dontsova M.A. “comparison of color sensations and individual associative stereotypes develop person’s everyday culture. Obviously, the same object being seen in the conditions of the day light would look different in case of adding candlelight. And vice versa, the shades of the same color may look identical when changing the type of the light”. [2]

The red color is perceived to be exciting, hot and energetic, it is the color of hot metal. It has the longest wavelength. Moreover, other shades provide this color with new qualities. Using the recommendations on organizing ethnocoloristic interviews [4] for the sampling of 173 respondents from Russian industrial companies, it was discovered that one of the most preferable colors is brown color, which creates soft and calm mood, expresses strength and sustainability, and it is capable of reflecting dark mood (37 respondents). Yellow is associated with warmth, fun, favoring jokes and good mood (23 respondents). At the same time depending on clearness and saturation it may be changeable and acquire new features. The green color favors to peace and freshness, the color has mean wavelength and calms the human nervous system (64 respondents). Violet color causes exhaustion, anxiety and excitement (11 respondents). White color is cold and noble (2 respondents). Grey color is cold, business-like, depressing, apathic and boring (14 respondents). Experts note that the grey color needs to be avoided in the industrial environment. It is recommended to exclude using black color in working environment in interior design (both lounges and canteens and manufacturing sites), because main qualities of black color are named as “dark and heavy” (12 respondents). This color may dramatically fell the mood. Usually these aspects refer to scientific organization of labor and technical aesthetics.

In motor companies during the construction and reconstruction processes it is recommended to use specific colors for main workshops and departments:

1. It is advised to paint ceilings in white color in the technical service areas with high ceilings, while the wall panels under the height of 3 meters to paint in light-green color or to lay wall with white tiles. The light-green color doesn’t give flare and eliminates eye fatigue.

2. In the car service areas which have longer extent and limited lighting, it is recommended to paint wall panel in the light-yellow color as it is neutral for vision and reflects diffused light.

3. In tool and bench shop metal cutting machines and walls need to be painted in light-green color. When the color of walls and machines is the same, the worker sees mechanic parts and made item on the single background color.

4. In the accumulator room the panels and walls is recommended to lay with white tiles or paint in the light-green color. The floor needs to be covered by light acid-proof paint.

5. In the tire repair shop it is better to use floor of marble chips of light color and to lay walls with tiles or to paint walls in light yellow or beige colors.

6. In the thermic stamping shop and other thermal shops the walls need to be painted in azure or light blue color, and the equipment of the room in greenish-blue. Psychologists advise to use cream color for stationary part of the room, while heating furnaces to be painted in light grey shades to look like aluminum.

7. Assembly lines and rolling conveyors are recommended to paint in cream color.

8. Air channels (air pipes) heavy in section must correspond with the color of ceiling and upper parts of the walls. The use of this color allows air pipes fit the general color grade. Hence, air channels look less obvious and the white color gives the overall lightness to the construction.

According to experimental research [6], work productivity would raise up to 5%, if paint the walls and equipment in the recommended colors. Thus, color appears to be the visual communication in general and chromatic communication in particular. Chromatic communication represents a complex of inner (psychic) reactions, connected with visual perception. The color in the system of visual communication is the abstract means of non-verbal message and semiotic system with definite number if potential values in the terms of the same production culture, which is actualized in the specific visual message.

The color as the information medium is burdened by the variety of “objective and subjective meanings and connotations” having been accumulated for many centuries of the culture development. The color is not just one of the characteristics of the world around the human, but also the important factor of culture genesis, sociogenesis and human’s socialization [1]. Study of the color is the part of problem-thematic field of different disciplinary and translational researches. The first group consists of fundamental works of culturological sphere: cultural worldview concepts, cultural mythologema, represented in the works of foreign scientists, i.e. J. Baudrillard, C. Levi-Strauss, W. Turner, D. Fraser, C.-G. Jung and of Russian scientists, among them are M.M. Bakhtina, V.S. Bibler, A.N. Veselovskiy, N.I. Voronin, A.F. Losev, Y.M. Lotman, Y.S. Stepanov. The works also belong to them, including ones related to color semantics and symbolic in the different cultures by S.S. Averintseva, E.M. Androsova, E.V. Gmyzina, A.A. Isaeva, O.N.Chechina and others, related to aesthetics by S.E. Gudina, A.T.-G. Zemlyanskaya/kerimova, related to architecture by A.V. Efimova, and to color verbalization by A.P. Vasilevich, M.A. Dontsova and others. Fundamental interpretation of psychoemotional aspects in the foreign researches by D.P. Gilford, E. Eathon, J. Itten, M. Lusher, and in the Russian works by S.V. Kravkov, A.N. Leontiev, L.P. Urvantsev, P.V. Yanshin. Psychic and emotional influence of the colors on human is analyzed in the works of E.F. Bazhin, B.A. Bazyma, C.A. Izmaylov, V.I. Kapran, N.N. Korzh, E.A. Lupenko, Y.L. Obukhov, L.N. Sobchik, O.V. Safuyanova, A.M. Etkind. Foreign researchers, i.e. C. Auer, M. Deribere, H. Frieling, focus on psychic and physiological influence of the color on living creatures, which allows developing of different color therapy equipment. Special line of the research is connected with the use of the color in technical aesthetics, design and paintings, including works of S.I. Abishev, V.V. Volkov, N.N. Volkov, A.S. Zaitsev, V.V. Kandinskiy, L.N. Mironova, G. Zoigner.

From the beginning of primary cultures the white color is associated with water, air, cleanness, peace, happiness; the black refers to the ground and soil, evil, death; the red has ambivalent sign of cultural marking: combined with white color it means kindness, adjoined to the black it is evil. Symbolism and semiotics of the color allow us to maintain communicative relations between different elements of culture, to expose feelings and identify symbolically subjects and processes [5].

Understanding color symbolism is impossible without considering historical context, as it makes possible to explain cultural meanings and values, which are materialized in different colors. Appearance of colors as symbols gave evidence of changes in human’s cognitive sphere, of culture’s transformation, about change from sensorial perception to abstract and symbolic perception. Eventually color has become one of the most common cultural signs. The circle of colors which have symbolic meaning is limited, but their semantic perspective is endless. Hence, identification of the color as the symbol demands its analysis in different aspect, i.e. ideological, ethical, aesthetical.

In the context of technical aspect the color may tackle different tasks, as it contributes to building of forms and space, configures mood, communicates and assigns the meaning.

It should be noted that the light plays important role for the health. Experiencing the lack of the light people overstrain eyes, pain feelings expose in the eyes along with headache. It leads to quicker exhaustion, decrease of work productivity, slower and tentative movements, confusion in estimating object sizes and defects in work. Therefore, implementation of correct workplace lighting and accurate color scheme during the engineering stage, the work productivity may increase from 10% to 30% [6].

LITERATURA

1. Bakeeva D.A. Color symbolism as the unique aspect of discovering the world // Young scientist. – 2011. - №2. – T. 2 – p. 190-191.

2. Dontsova M.A. Video and coloristic aspects of RGB color model metamerism // Dvigatel. – 2013. - №4.

3. Zemlyanskaya A.T-G. Towards color symbolism of the Dutch construction companies logo «Dutch Home bouwen timmerbedrijf» and «Bouwbedrijf Groen BV» // Unformal education. – 2012. – № 3. – p. 104–107.

4. Nevmerzhitskaya E.V. Ethnocoloristic interviews: educational and practical guide. - М.: Granitsa, 2012. – 128 p.

5. Yuriev F. Color imagery of information. – Kiev: philanthropic cultural project “ECOGINTOKS” “Our Ukraine in songs and music”, 2007. – p. 15.

6. http://taxoparki.ru/ohrana-truda/organizaciya-ohrany-truda/tehni