PhD in Agriculture Aisin M.

Kazakhstan, Kostanay State University names A. Baytursynov

FULL FEEDING - BASIS OF EFFECTIVE BUSINESS LIVESTOCK

      Issue of increasing milk production animals always worried farmers.
The bottom line is that in most of our food supply agricultural enterprises too scanty, the digestibility of nutrients is deteriorating due to lack of protein in the diet , because the concentrated feed used consist only of grass- forage crops and wheat waste. All this leads to the fact that the animals can not reach their full genetic potential . But we know that the low productivity of 2000 kg of milk per year only 30-35% of the nutrient feed consumed is converted into products , the rest is spent on maintaining the life of the animal . Whereas a high yielding cow 6000 kg of milk per year preserves food products in 60-65 %. [1 ]

Calculations show that in the current economic conditions for a minimum of breakeven yield of mature cows herd of 200 head should be at the level of 3800-4000 kg of milk . Over the previous years had been established everywhere , still efficient breeding with domestic skotom.V result of the genetic potential of dairy cattle under appropriate conditions allows nadaivat 3500-4500 kg of milk per cow per year .
      For implementation of the genetic potential for milk productivity primarily required to provide the appropriate feed. It should be on the basis of the farm animal feed rations to develop by age and sex in conjunction with the planned productivity according to scientific norms of feeding. For more accurate calculations are required to have the results of chemical analysis of local feed.

Deficiency in the diets of some elements can make a change in diet structure , application of mineral additives, premixes . Should pay particular attention to the structure of field fodder production , the possibility of introducing a promising crop rotation .
       Protein deficiency should be addressed in several ways. First, included in the diet of grass- concentrated mixture of high-protein forage feed - it peas, vetch , soybean, cake, meal . You also need to prepare hay and haylage of legume- cereal annual and perennial forage crops.

The structure winter ration share roughage depending on the stage of lactation should fall 35-40 % rich -35- 40 , concentrated 20- 25 %. The composition of roughage should definitely include hay. It should be noted that in many households , this requirement is often ignored : the cow throughout the stabling period produced mainly silage and straw. As a result, there is a shift of the body alkaline- acid balance towards the acidic environment that adversely affects the quality of colostrum and health of newborn calves . [2] In this regard, the planning forage on farms in the structure of sown areas is necessary to provide some space for annual and perennial grasses for hay . When you define a set of forage crops should be primarily guided by considerations of providing a full feeding animals , preferring crops with the highest yield of nutrients per hectare at low cost feed unit . In the arid steppes must consider drought fodder . Protein deficiency in the diets provided to make up as an increase in grain crops (mostly barley and oats ) with peas . Tucked away in the milk-wax ripeness , they give beautiful zernosenazh . This achieves the best balance in the finished feed not only protein , carbohydrate , but also vitamin- mineral security. So more pea protein , calcium, manganese , barley , high zinc content , more starch in the oats , relatively a lot of iron , manganese and cobalt rich corn sugars carotene. [3 ]

The best combination is a mixture of cultures zernofurazhnyh of 30% peas, 30% oats and 40 % barley at seeding rate of 150 kg per 1 hectare.
      Silage rations of complex provides an increase in the levy on 1 hectare of arable land by 30-35% of feed units in comparison with separate harvest for grain and straw. Moreover, this food has a high biological activity due to better coupling of amino acids therein , protein and carbohydrate , macro and micronutrients , as well as a higher carotene content . Also , keep in mind that the associated ( in plants ) water has a positive effect on the productivity of animals and not by chance are lactiferous succulent feed .
      Given the current state fodder when the diet of animals missing Root crops , food is the most effective silage . And the cost of 1 quintal of fodder units in silage compared with hay down 20.1 % and silage - by 22.3 %.
      Preservative factor in physiological senazhirovanii is dry environment , which means that the humidity of 55 % water-holding power of the plant cell is higher than the suction force of microorganisms. Therefore, under anaerobic conditions is reduced to a minimum milk- and acetic fermentation , which contributes to the conservation of sugars in the diet , which is important for the organization full feeding cattle.

Comparative evaluation of the nutrient content of the hay , silage and silage indicates that silage on 1 feed unit falls 75.4 g of digestible protein with sugar -protein against 0,54:1 , respectively, in the manger , the figures are 95.1 g and 0,36:1 , and 60.1 g in the silo and 0,42:1 .
      It is known that the carrier is a nutrient feed dry matter . Therefore, in 1 kg of dry matter of silage contains more nutrients than hay and silage . It follows that when harvesting hay instead of silage and hay reduced not only transportation costs, but also provides a more complete balanced diet that has a positive effect on milk and meat producing animals.

Literature:
1. Minzhasarov KI etc. The production of complete feed and their rational use in northern Kazakhstan / / Manual farmers . - Petropavlovsk , 2006 . - 385 p.
2. Naiman DK Recommendations for improving the productivity of planned cattle Kostanai region . - Kostanay. 2006-224 р .
3. Motovilov KY Examination and other feed and feed additives , Novosibirsk 2007 - 336 p.