Lapp G.V. - Candidate
of Pedagogy.
Acting Assistant Professor at the Department of Arts
History
and Special Courses Methodology of Kazakh National
Pedagogic University after Abai.
DEVELOPMENT
OF CREATIVE ABILITIES AT PLOTTING LESSONS
The summary.
In creative,
reformative activity of the person graphic representations are carried out two
interconnected functions: first, they serve as the original instrument, the
tool of thinking, knowledge; secondly, it is a mean of fixing and thought
transfer. Therefore, in the educational creative graphic activity connected
with formation of skills of graphic designing, ability to carry out mental
transformation and drawing performance on drawing is necessary.
Creative
activity and development of creative abilities should occupy one of the central
places in system of formation of the person of the future teacher, thereupon
formation of ability to creative transformation is one of the main ones in the
course of students training of art faculties of pedagogical high schools.
Keywords.
Transformation, replacement of one object
with the similar object received from the first one on certain rules.
Creativity, activity generating
something qualitatively new and differing with peculiarity, originality and
socially - historical uniqueness.
I. Introduction. At the present stage of
higher education development there is a reconsideration of a role of value of
knowledge got by students as the creative expert capable independently to be
guided in a prompt stream of the scientific and technical information, able
critically to think, develop and protect his point of view is necessary for a
modern society.
“The
level of graphic preparation of person is nowadays defined, mainly, not by
degree of mastering by techniques of performance of graphic drawings, and
largely how much he is ready to cogitative transformations of models, how much
his thinking is mobile” [1, 15].
Creative
activity and development of creative abilities should occupy one of the central
places in system of formation of person of future teacher, thereupon, the task
of formation of ability to creative transformation is one of the main ones in
the course of training of students of art faculties of teacher training
universities.
Various
aspects of a problem of abilities have found reflection in scientific and
pedagogical researches of many authors.
Nowadays
we understand abilities as “difficult education, a complex of the mental
properties doing the person suitable to a certain, historically developed kind
of socially useful professional work” [2, 328].
K.K.Platonov
has fairly noticed that abilities “include skills in their structure, and
therefore both knowledge and habits on which basis those are created, but are
not reduced only to them” [3,312].
New
knowledge and already generated skills and abilities “are turned into elements
of the new, changed abilities of the given person to new, more difficult kinds
of activity. And new, more difficult kind of activity will demand new, more
difficult knowledge, skills and abilities which will be developed on the basis
of already available abilities for its realization” [3,280]. Such is dialectic
interrelation of knowledge, skills, habits and abilities of the subject of
activity.
In
creative, reformative activity of a person graphic drawings carry out two
interconnected functions: first, they serve as the original tool, the
instrument of thinking, knowledge; secondly, they are means of fixing and
thought transfer. Therefore in educational creative graphic activity connected
with formation of skills of graphic designing, ability to carry out mental
transformation and fulfillment of drafts on drawing are necessary.
II. Problem Statement. Thus, according to
requirements brought to the graduate of “Fine Arts and Plotting” speciality at the
heart of the integrated training the aims which assume formation of subject
knowledge, practical skills and abilities focused on creativity should be
pursued.
Most
successful development of creative abilities of a person occurs during
performance of specially organized activity by him under the direct management
of the teacher that is in the process of training. As research of
psychology-pedagogical aspects of the problem has shown, successfulness of
development of students’ creative abilities is mainly defined by ability of
teacher to organize his activity with a support on already generated knowledge,
skills, abilities.
Thus
the pedagogically thought-out system of educational tasks which should bring
into accord the educational purposes, tasks, the maintenance of an acquired
material and degree of complexity of the drawing fulfilled by students assumes
a great importance.
III. Results. In formation of readiness of
the teacher of “Fine Arts and Plotting” speciality to professional work at
plotting lessons at studying “Conjugation” and “Line Curves” themes it is
actually to use semestrial creative graphic tasks specially developed by us for
performance of draft on drawing with preliminary cogitative transformation and
use of kinds of conjugation and line curves. Execution of such semestrial tasks
activates thinking that demands ability of brain quickly pass from one
geometrical construction to another. Variability of graphic thinking is shown
in ability of student to reproduce various drafts, developing thereby creative
abilities.
Semestrial
creative tasks pursued following principles and requirements:
1. Semestrial tasks
should impart ability mentally to transform drawing into the draft to students.
2. Fulfillment of
such creative tasks should promote formation of spatial imagination,
development of logic thinking and creative abilities.
3. Tasks should be
entered into educational process taking into account specific features of
students.
4. The volume of
demanded knowledge at fulfillment of tasks should not exceed the contents of
“Conjugation” and “Line Curves” themes.
Thus, fulfillment
of the given semestrial creative graphic tasks allows:
a) to open to
students more full and deep the purpose of graphic image as a tool of thinking
of method of knowledge and creative
activity of person, but not just as means of fixing and an information transfer
about a subject;
b) to create
conditions for formation at students of deeper skills of graphic fulfillment of
conjugation and line curves;
c) to implement
intersubject communication of plotting with drawing;
d) to create
conditions for development of mobility of spatial students’ interpretations;
e) to intensify
educational process, to strengthen cogitative, informative activity of students
and to raise interest to a subject.
Semestrial
creative tasks are devoted to study, fastening of knowledge of students
concerning questions of lines conjugation on drafts and line curves, and also
devoted to practical use of this knowledge at performance of transformation of
drawing into draft by them, thereby developing creative abilities.
In
variants of tasks contours of the drawings which outlines consist of arches and
the straight lines smoothly passing to each other are presented. The sequence
of drawing of any contour, basically, depends on its form, therefore it is
necessary to analyze in detail the form, and also to solve what geometrical
constructions must be necessary executed at plotting. In the beginning on the
draft one should trace its symmetry and central lines, and then build
rectilinear outlines which are not connected with conjugation. And further
corners rounding off is carried out and arches, centers which positions are
known are spend, then conjugation sections of arches with other arches are build
and in the conclusion outlining is put.
Semestrial
creative tasks on plotting offered by us cause a particular interest, thorough
performance of work that speaks about serious scientific approach, they reveal
individual creative character and successfully develop creative abilities of
students.
Thus,
solving a direct problem of training to plotting, creative tasks have an ample
opportunities in development plan of logic thinking and creative abilities of
future teachers of “Fine Art and Plotting” speciality.
IV. Conclusions:
- the essence is
opened and “creative abilities” concepts are grounded;
- principles of the
requirement of semestrial tasks are revealed;
- possibilities of
the given semestrial tasks are defined;
- the technique of
formation of creative abilities on plotting lessons is developed and approved.
Theoretical
conclusions and practical recommendations can be used in system of higher
vocational training.
Drawing
1 Conjugation.
Drawing
2. Line curves.
The
works executed by students of 1 course.
Drawing
1 Conjugation
Drawing
2. Line curves
The literature.
1. Botvinnikov
A.D., Lomov B.F. Scientific Bases of Formation of Graphic Knowledge, Abilities
and Skills of Schoolchild. - Ì: Education, 1979. - 15 p.
2. Rubinshtain S.L.
Being and Consciousness. About a Place of Psychic in General Interrelation of
Material World’s Phenomenon. - Ì: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1957. - 328
p.
3. Platonov K.K.
Problems of Abilities. - Ì: Science, 1972. – 312 p.
Application for participation in the
collection of research works “Nauka i Studio”
The article theme
is “Development of Creative Abilities at Plotting Lessons”.
Quantity of sheets
is 8
Section: Pedagogics
First name, last
name of the author: Lapp G.V.
Degree, title: the
candidate of pedagogical sciences, the senior lecturer of Art-Graphic faculty
of the Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay. The home
address: Republic of Kazakhstan, 050061, Almaty, microdistrict Tastak-1, house
15, apartment 55. h. phone: (727) 381 59 52.