Gavrishina
O.N.
Kemerovo
State university, Kemerovo, Russia
Information technologies as a means of university student professional
competence formation
Nowadays
there is a great demand for specialists who are able to solve economic tasks
based on the wide application of information and computer technology in their
professional activity. This is why the problem of university responsibility for
professional preparation of specialist having computer skills in the context of
the chosen profession sphere is becoming crucial. It should be mentioned that
during the years of university studies students must have acquired the need for
self-perfection and have formed the self-educating skills. There should be
present the motivation of studying, development of the need to evaluate their
own competitiveness, the incentive to get the knowledge and skills of computer
application in the sphere of future professional activity. To stimulate these,
the creation of professional-oriented environment should take place within the
university by integrating special and information disciplines. Such integration
requires great methodological work from the professors’ part of new software
programs development as well as provision with new electronic methodological
complexes. By involving students to use
computer technology in educational process, the formation of informative
culture and system thinking along with self-education skills in computer
technology takes place.
No less
important is the students’ development of self-control skills. This contributes
to creative activity, to labour-loving, teaches persistency and desire to reach
goals. One of the forms of self-control organization and knowledge control is
the usage of computer complexes based on module principles of teaching and
controlling software programs as well
as the system of knowledge rating assessment in the sphere of computer
technologies which contributes to
regular educational work of students during the semester.
It must noted that due to variety of rating
and heterogeneity of computer preparation of students it is necessary to appeal
to personality-oriented approach in education. It is important to create the
environment for every student for critical comprehension of the received
information. At this point independent work of students plays a very essential
role as it stimulates the development of analytical research skills on the
topic as well as work with literature and internet resources. If in the process
of learning “Computer science” course computer and software present the subject
of educational activity with the acquisition of computer usage skills, then on
the senior courses during mastering of special disciplines connected to
professional activity, this subject turns into the methods of solving tasks both
professional and educational. This
transition of subject into means justifies the development of professional
thinking in context of computer technology.
The
application of computer technology during the whole process of learning in the
institution of higher education along with integration of information and
special disciplines contributes to realization of didactic principles of
education (such as scientific character,
system, availability and consciousness),
adds new some new content to them and proposes the development of special
principles. In accordance with the “scientific
character” principle, educational information in its content corresponds to
the achievement of modern computer science on the level defined by the state
educational standards. The realization of “system”
principle is achieved more fully under conditions of information and special
disciplines integration than used to be in the traditional system. The
rocketing amount of scientific information, development of computer technology
causes a problem of the students’ ability to percept it and transform into
person knowledge. Professional-oriented information environment helps to
develop system thinking and ability to sort out the most important points and
secondary and to extract and analyze the knowledge independently.
The
realization of personality-oriented
approach and organization
of independent work in the process of
education contributes to taking
considerations of various levels of
students awareness in the sphere of computer usage.
Principle
of consciousness is characterized by independent thinking and depends largely
on the students attitude to learning. The wide application of computer
technology in educational process and formation of information method of
professional activity is the key motivation factor of students cognitive
activity. As basic incentives we can single out the following: the involvement
of computer technology in lecturing courses, references to additional
electronic materials, the presence of practical task oriented for computer
application, the usage of modeling programs, work in the Internet for the
research projects, the availability of electronic materials and testing
programs for knowledge control.
Besides
the realization of overall didactic principles of education, we can also single
out some of specific principles, they are: the
principle of key positions, the principle of directed development, the
principle of synergism, the principle of inheritance and polymorphism. According to the principle of key positions, information today is
the “key” to solving of many problems in the sphere of education. For instance,
the problems of access to local and international resources can be eliminated
if students and professors have possibility to appeal to them through internet
or to use the electronic variant of edition, if there is a wide use of electronic methodological complexes etc.
In
recent times we can observe the tendency of the reduction of the in-class work
and the movement of the emphasis on the independent work of students. It is
obvious that the key here is the computer technology. Thus, the information is
the ground on which all further educational projects can be built.
The
principle of directed development presupposes that modernization of educational content doesn’t contradict
to the traditional approach to
education, but exist alongside with on
the basis of mutual addition and enrichment and is a strategy which is the
vector of development direction.
The
principle of synergism means the increase
of efficiency result, that is the application of computer technology by
students with the help of interrelations of various types of activities.
The
principle of inheritance and polymorphism have come from the programming into
the educational structure. In
object-oriented methodology the notion of object is introduced as the unity of
all properties and activities.
The
interrelations between the objects are based on two principles: inheritance
(object – descendant repeats the structure and behavior of object-parent) and
polymorphism (the ability of different objects
to perform the same action differently). With such approach to object
notion, in the hierarchical structure the relations between the objects, their
interdependence become more vivid. Building
up such hierarchical structure which presents
the scheme of interdisciplinary links and courses allows to structure
educational material more efficiently
and to give possibility to professor to form various discipline
structures as well as to choose different methods of teaching.
References