Bakirova Laila

Kazakh state female pedagogical university, Kazakhstan

Methods of teaching needlework technology applied in new conditions

Long before the emergence of pedagogical theories, in the long practice of education, labor upbringing of young Kazakhs had an important role. Traditions, customs and rituals formed some special characteristics where labor skills and hardworking were on the first place. Work is a necessity of life for most people, so it was necessary to give the younger generation a positive attitude to work, a certain amount of practical skills, diligence. This process was carried out mainly in the family and it gave the basics of people's educational thought. Folk pedagogy wisely considered labor and labor education, not only as a necessary condition of preparation for practice, but also as a general physical and spiritual development of young people. From that time saying, proverbs, etc. came to us, where the topic of labor takes an important place.

The purpose of the scientific research: to study teaching methods of the topic "Needlework". The tasks of the scientific research:

1. To consider the stages of the technological education;

2. To disclose the nature and role of technological education of teachers in the technological culture;

3. To analyze the literature;

In the formation of education and throughout the history of mankind, wonderful people has always played an important role. Only talented, intelligent, understanding the practical need for "the public interest" systematic training of young people, the individuals laid the foundation of the present system of labor training.

Technological culture, as a type of universal culture, has an impact on all aspects of life and society. It forms the technological outlook, which is based on a system of technological view of nature, society and man. A part of a process is thinking which is associated with a generalized reflection of the individual scientific - technological environment and mental ability to reform activities. An integral part of the technological culture is also technological aesthetics, which is expressed in the design knowledge, skills and abilities to carry out technological activity by the laws of beauty.

Technological culture has an impact on the objectives and content of the younger generation. In the general education system and technological preparation of students is implemented where the formation of technological culture and its readiness for reform activities are used together with scientific knowledge. The overall objectives of technology education consist of the providing of students with knowledge, the formation of technological skills, education of technologically important personality traits.

Technological knowledge is the result of the learning process in the technological world and its adequately reflect in the human mind in the form of concepts, ideas, opinions and conclusions. Students need to know the basic technological concepts: technology, technological environment, process, methods of transformative activities, etc. They need to be aware of the advanced technologies in the material and intellectual production and the basic forms of human life. Technological skill is exploration of ways of transformative activities through the acquisition of scientific knowledge. It includes the ability to plan their activities, prediction and evaluation of the results and effectiveness of self-producing the necessary knowledge to perform graphics, determine their availability.

Technologically important feature is a term usually used to depict human’s property which is necessary for successful mastery of transforming activity. These include qualities such as professionalism, entrepreneurship, the need to constantly improve their professional- technological knowledge and skills. Thus, technology education is a process and a result of creativity, that is gained by active learners of technological knowledge, skills and personal qualities which form a technological culture, reflected in the willingness to reform activities on a scientific basis.

The essence of the meaning of the principle of the "Technology" systematic is that students are aware of the knowledge acquired as elements of a complete, integrated system. The implementation of the principles of teaching in the content of the program: Under the principles of learning there should be understood assumptions that underlie learning and determine all its aspects: content, methods, forms of organization. There is a close relationship between didactic principles- it’s a certain system. And now we’ll take a look at each principle separately.

1) Scientific, systematic, consistency in training. Rules that ensure regularity, consistency and availability of training: to go from the concrete to the abstract, from near to far, from the known to the unknown, from the simple to the complex, from easy to difficult. The whole system of knowledge on the subject "Technology", the order of the material on the grade level of the developing psychological characteristics and abilities of students, reveal the inner connection between the individual scientific concepts and general laws. The transition from near to far in the training material of the subject is when the teacher connects the new knowledge with the life experience of students with the views that they see in the environment.

One of the most important requirements for the systematic arrangement of the material is the compliance of continuity relations. Scientific, systematic and interrelated sequence, and it is crucial to improve the work improve the quality of students' knowledge. We’ll take the theme "Counting the seams" as an example. It reveals the concept of the set of loops, forms of seams and elements of seams. This topic opens up new not yet learned the concept, but at the same time there is basic knowledge.

2) Consciousness and activeness of students. Consciousness refers to teachers as the mastering scientific knowledge by students, training material, its deep understanding and ability to use knowledge in practice in the new conditions, the transformation of knowledge into belief in guidance. Conscious learning necessarily involves active and independent learners.

During the "Technology" study, the student improves his own independent thought, he has the possibility of creativity, making things more efficient, organizing his work, test it in his own points of views and knowledge. This kind of activity and autonomy is a good way to learn the study. An example of this is the theme of "Counting the seams." In this lesson, students do practical work (embroidery and cross stitch), which provides good absorption of new material.

3) Visual learning. Visibility is a principle which is not based on abstract concepts and words, but on a concrete manner, directly perceived by the child. By the nature of the reflection of reality clarity there are the following types of presentation:

• Natural clarity (live plants, animals, minerals).

• pictorial clarity (photographs, paintings, drawings).

• symbolic images (maps, drawings, diagrams, graphs, charts, tables).

There are also tools such clarity that combine all of them. First of all, it includes an educational film. With the help of cameras we can penetrate the secrets of the phenomena and processes. Cinema can show bright and exciting hidden deep processes in inorganic nature, in living organisms. In school course "Technology" visual instruction is laid at the core implementation of didactic principles. During the implementation of this principle there is the orientation of students to the full perception of the subject by using different senses, the ability to display the object in its development and change, the emergence of students’ maximum activeness and independence, preventing overload teaching visual aids, it’s not an end in itself making obviousness. Poster about safe methods of work demonstrates for the safe handling of needles, scissors and other piercing objects.

5) The solidity of knowledge. The principle solidity requires the students’ assignment for a long time which remains conscious, systematic knowledge and skills.

Solidity of knowledge in the "Technology" is in direct proportion to the repetition, which is possibly performed on every lesson. Independence of thought with repetition finds its expression in the creation of new methods of proof solutions of cognitive tasks. In the practical application of knowledge on this subject there are very favorable conditions for self-control. In each lesson, the teacher should first consolidate the covered material covered, which means to check the solidity of knowledge. This approach to the verification of knowledge leads to a successful result and a good grade.

            6) An individual approach. Teachers should fully take into consideration special characteristics of each student in order to make students get knowledge consciously, so that they had a free will to really educate and so it would be available,.

Individual attention to students in the "Technology" allows the teacher, above all, to make learning more accessible to each of them, the ability to apply knowledge in practice, to think independently, and the ability to overcome interference problems. Proper consideration of these features helps the teacher to better organize individual work of students. In a lesson "Countable seams" students can fully develop or discover their talents. It requires imagination, sense of style, which in the future may affect the choice of a profession.

Each of the didactics principles in itself, which is isolated from the others, doesn’t perform any value. Only in unity, individually in a certain system, they are the principles of training. Didactic principles are the basis for the proper solution of important problems in the theory and practice of teaching.

References:

Technology: The textbook for students of educational institutions (option for girls) / Ed VD Symonenko. M. Ventana Graf, 1998. - 256s.: Ill.

2. Technology: The textbook for students of secondary schools, edited by VD Symonenko, Moscow; Ventana - Earl, 2001; 256str.

3. Turret AK, AV Bychkov, Kazakevich VM SE Markutskaya Methods of teaching technology. M. Bustard, 2004., 220 pp.

4. Y. Krupskaya Methodical rekomendatsii.M., Ventana - Graf, 2006.

5. Ladies needlework, MA, The Citadel, 2000, 512 pp., ill. .