Филологические науки/7. Язык, речь, речевая коммуникация
К.ф.н. Тунникова
В.А., Кваша В.А.
Ростовский
государственный экономический университет (РИНХ), Россия
Peculiarities and problems
of English economic terms' translation into Russian
Economic terminological system is described
by dynamic development, thus it is in close contact with the life and
development of society, responsive to language situation change. Modern
scientific translation studies are aimed at studying the factors that influence
the choice of translation variant and their connection with the target language
specifications. Foreign languages are socially required especially at the
present time when the progress in science has led to a raise of knowledge and
has contributed to an overflow of information. Foreign languages are needed as
the main and most efficient means of information interchange of the people of
our planet.
The problem of terms’ translation from
English into Russian has been one of the most current in modern translation
studies. This process is of local interest for economy, because over the last
decennary it has incured an intensive development. The economic terminological
system of the English language is numerous and complex and this fact impacts
the occurrence of complications in the process of translation.
Linguists emphasize that sufficient
translation of terms requires, first and foremost, an interpreter’s excellent
knowledge of the science or technology field, which translation is actually
applied to, and, secondly, understanding of the terms’ meaning in English and
knowledge of professional terminology in the native language. Today, we should
say, in time of globalization it is really important to be able to deal with
foreign companies and their representatives. And here the role of interpreter
is great as all the communication depends on him, his ability to interpret
right, and his qualification. The
scholar differ two phases in the translation process of terms: the first one is
identification of the term meaning in context, and the second one is
translation of the meaning into the native language.
“The main method of translation is the
translating by means of lexical equivalent. Equivalent is a constant lexical
correspondence, which coincides with the meaning of a foreign word-term. Terms
which have equivalents in the native language play an important role in the
translating. However, the search for
equivalents in the native language to translate terms from a foreign language
is complex by the fact that terms are ambiguous and, depending on the field in
which they are used, have different meanings and definitions.
The results of the research have
demonstrated that the translation of special field terminology, including
economic, is executed in various ways, such as the following interlingual
transformations: lexical, lexical-semantic and lexical-grammatical. The main
task of a translator is to choose the right method during the translation
process to convey the meaning of each term as precisely as possible.
One of the easiest vocabular means of
economic terms’ translation is transcoding. Transcoding is a literal or
phoneme-by-phoneme conveying of a source lexical unit using target language
alphabet. This method is often used to translate English economic term signs,
because the spelling system of the English language is very different from the
Russian one and involves, first of all, the rendering of a sound form of a
term, and then its lexical meaning.
However, using such method of translation
as transliteration, one should not forget about the “translator’s false
friends”. These are pseudo-internationalisms, i.e. the words of the source and
target languages that do not have similar lexical meanings.
The most common lexical method of economic
terms’ translation is descriptive translation to render the meaning of a
term-sign. This method is used in the translation of economic notions and
expressions. Rendering of meanings of such terms is possible only through additional
revelation and explanation of the new terminological units’ content.
Sometimes in the Russian language it is
necessary to substitute a word or a word combination, which has a wide range of
meanings in the English language, with an equivalent, which specifies the
meaning according to the context or stylistic standards. First of all, this
kind of substitution presupposes the search of a synonymic equivalent in the
target language, which will render the field classification of a lexical unit
more specifically and according to stylistic standards.
The synonymic replacement of an English
economic term with a wider concrete content to specify its meaning in the
target language is also used in the translation practice and is justified at
micro context level only when the meaning of the sentence is quite clear.
Generalization is also possible during the
translation of economic terms. Generalization of the original meaning occurs in
cases when an extent of information order of an original unit is wider than the
one of an equivalent unit in the target language.
Another lexical-grammatical translation
method of the modern economic terminology is compression, which is a more
compact presentation of thoughts due to omission of unnecessary elements and
extra-linguistic context. Translators dealing with professional terminology at
macro context level usually use this method; it is seldom used at the level of
micro context because this may lead to unjustified omission of the lexical
meaning of a term.
Many things depend on an interpreter and
his abilities. It is important for him not only to be good at languages but he
has to be intelligent and to be able to get out of a difficult situation when
it is impossible to make a metaphrase. Generally, he must be ready for out-of-order
situations.
Undoubtedly, the translation of terms is a
very important task for a translator, which requires a high degree of
competence in both languages, complex perception of the world picture, as well
as an excellent knowledge of the field of science or technology, which actually
relates to the translation. Indeed, despite the expansion of international
cultural and economic relations in the world, the use of modern means of
communication, such as, the Internet, and the consequent enrichment of
different languages and cultures, the translator cannot disregard the fact that
every language is a unique and dynamic structure.
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