Филологические науки /9. Этно-, социо- и психолингвистика

к.ф.н. Куребаева Г.А.

Государственный университет имени Шакарима г.Семей, Казахстан

The problem of dialogue of cultures in the modern world

According to W. von Humboldt through language we discover the richness of the world the diversity that we experience in him; and the human being becomes wider. Each language has its own character, in language, we always find "fusion of native language character with the interpreted language of the character of the nation." In this light, the problem of the dialogue of cultures, in our days, has gained special relevance. The correlation of language and culture naturally arise in the process of learning a foreign language. [1, p. 373].

It attracts a steadily growing number of linguists to the problem of studying linguistic personality. Linguistic personality is considered as a person, reconstructed on the basis of language means in close connection with the linguistic picture of the world. To some extent this is due to the increasing role of intercultural communication, and ultimately to the human desire for understanding. Culture is a complex phenomenon, which determines the system of value orientations of society as a whole and of the individual carrier of a certain culture. While each culture finds unique reflection in the language of its speaker. Assimilation of only the form of a foreign language without consideration of the cultural component of its value leads to a behaviour that reflects own cultural norms of the student and the incoming conflict with the behavior of the carriers of this culture. While each culture finds unique reflection in the language of its speaker. Assimilation of only the form of a foreign language without consideration of the cultural component of its value leads to a behaviour that reflects own cultural norms of the student and the incoming conflict with the behavior of the carriers of this culture.

To implement the productive cross-cultural communication, taking into account its linguistic and psychological features students should have intercultural competence. It is the competence of the special nature. It is unique with components of the communicative competence of a native speaker and can only be found in "the mediator of cultures – linguistic individual, who knows the specifics of different cultures and especially their (cultures) interact.

Intercultural competence is a ability that allows the language individual to go beyond own culture and to carry out mediation activities without losing their own cultural identity", that is, its formation is also associated with various disciplines and depends on possession of specific knowledge about the linguistic and cultural concepts.

Research approaches are possible to the culture, on the one hand, as to the phenomenon of global scale and as a phenomenon, the existence, development and individual uniqueness which is due to sociocultural and cultural-historical circumstances and realities of historical existence of a particular nation. On the other hand, the study of culture involves the interpretation sociocultural and cultural-historical information in the aspects of cultural linguistics, as culturally significant information is carried, embodied by linguistic units (or linguistic categories). The information in its cultural value encompasses linguistic units and linguistic categories. In the latest round of issues relevant for two directions of scientific research: specific language unit to its socio-cultural and cultural - historical interpretation, nationally oriented; from sufficiently representative or thematically limited but self-sufficient fragment of culture in the overall context of national culture, taken as a whole (e.g. folklore) or a limited historical framework, part of a section of culture (music, theater), genre-topics (humor, parody) to linguistic units that express the relevant semantic and expressive content. Among cultural studies it has tended to emphasize the integral or integrative aspects in specific cultures when discussing issues related to their dialogue (the latter primarily involves the search for a national specific to particular cultures and languages).

A. Chuchin-Rusov comes from the fact that “any dialogue takes place in a single, indivisible space, or at least stays in one time, providing feedback, because this kind of interaction in nature must be simultaneous. However, in the General cultural sense neither space nor time have no control, and therefore, as rightly observes, V. Bibler, “not only Shakespeare impossible without... Sophocles... but definitely back: Sophocles impossible without Shakespeare; Sophocles otherwise – but also more unique and is otherwise formed in conjunction with Shakespeare”[2, 282p.].

E. A. Chuchin puts forward the category of “unified field of world culture”. The unified field of world culture is a unified... constant genotypic system structure dynamically coupled with a dynamic, continuously varying phenotypic system of cultural life, i.e., a set of movable, unthinkable in a static state, living quite limited, i.e. as can be understood from the context of the article – specific cultures[2, 919p.]. Thus, the article recognizes the variety of specific manifestations of “unified field of world culture”. Rather of reasoning of the author still can make the practical conclusion that when comparing cultures (and expressions of specific cultures in their respective languages) it is important and advisable to draw attention to the fact in common that any merges the mapped phenomena and universal, which is also can be represented in the studied cultures and languages. It is important to emphasize that, when comparing specific cultures, yet, as obviously, significantly (and substantially) to celebrate national specific form, expressing the universal in the specific culture, in particular language.

Undoubtedly, the problem of a universal culture (as a set or system of spiritual values created by mankind) extremely important. It essentially turns into a problem of universal, humanistic significance of events, cultural traditions for each and every one of peoples. Meanwhile, the most relevant in theoretical and pedagogical, and linguistic plans seem to be a study national identity in every culture.

World culture as a storehouse of spiritual values consists of nuggets of historical experience, creative achievements of each people. In each of the world's masterpieces have found a masterful embodiment of a deep national traits of human nature, typical circumstances socio - cultural and historically specific era, specific experienced people passed through the creative mind of a major artist who adopted the best traditions of its national culture. Precisely because of this literary figures of the great masterpieces and durable: high the idea gained specific historical embodiment. That's why it remains in force the thesis of N. With. Trubetskoy, which he formulated in the early twentieth century, in 1921: “Culture should be for each other people”[3, 781p.]. This thesis is for researchers of cultures and corresponding languages (and their ratio) is obvious. Suffice it to mention, say, the words of L. V. Scherba: “Every language reflects the culture of the people who don't speak it”.

Language and culture, of course, separate and distinct phenomena. However, in its development and the simultaneous coexistence they so closely relate to, and interact with each other that naturally, on the one hand, the question of language as one of the main forms of implementation of the national culture as the most important language and culture component of national culture and fundamental factor of existence and development, on the other hand, refers to language as a product of national culture.

G. O. Vinokur stated: “a separate language is an individual and unique historical phenomenon belonging to this individual cultural system... even entirely remaining on the basis of one language,... we are investigating the most appropriate culture, it was the first, and in a way, maybe the most important chapter of its history”[4, 211б.] . As you know the language and cultural history as a discipline and provides the perfect idea.

Considering the last aspect of the language in the history of mankind, it individual and training as a unique phenomenon and in this view language is a real language of culture media, and cultural life of the contract. Szczerba says ''Language specific expression of the collective system''. Truly, semantic is ideal for a party of language (i.e "Description of the world" and the system connotation metaphor and fine art media system). In addition, vocabulary, phraseology and syntax (orally and in writing) these are all carriers of a specific language determine orders of the needy population, cultural history of the actual terms and conditions.

"Language and culture" issue is a common problem of philological sciences. Respectively of Philology which is reflected in a national speech in the form of national culture, historical movement of the tongue, revolution and discipline. But on the other hand, the actual population Chat, written Interface in the history of culture how is reflected in determine.

So, "Language and culture" issue how language specific language carrier with social-historical life be related to the organic law respectively, of the national culture the language shows product. The position of Philology The history of the language considers like specific organic part of the history and culture of the people, an important part of the history of culture. And language included in the concept of "Culture" and "civilization" There is no the field of education, which contacts with language.

In the culture of the population the thesis of the language that directly affect is approved several aspects in vocabulary and semantic, grammar of the language. It explains with the variety of languages, the diversity of culture, different mentality of the people samples and a variety of conceptual codes.

National Features, cultural concepts, differences, especially surprises among the peoples of East and West. In fact,

"East and West are two mental planet of the globe (Asia and Europe)." In the case of total Information, rapid growth of cross-cultural communication does not describe with other cultures of the opening of the regular indisputable. It's necessary to control misunderstanding, complications of major components of the relationship. To forecast conflicts, and to reveal the most favorable conditions of the cross-cultural communication are top-priority tasks of Humanitarian Sciences.

In our opinions, to write with an adequate understanding to differences culture routine is a possible decision in the case of an effective research project. It's impossible for project to confine within only one science, thanks to the many disciplines, it's formed a stereoscopic look. They are divided into: philosophical recognition, cognitive neurophysiology and psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive anthropology and other number of routes. Thereby, the proportion of the language and culture defining factor of the topical issues of interaction between cultures of different nations is to prepare active. Under the influence of a strong scientific and technical progress individual, all the nations describe the diversity of social life, including domestic interactive era, this is a special.

Therefore, for the modern linguistics the creation of new routes currently is for linguoculturological recognition "Language and culture" issues appears the key.

References:

1 Humboldt, W. von. Selected works on linguistics / V. background. Humboldt. – Moscow: 2000. – 400 p.

2 Chuchin-Rusov, A. E. the Unified field of world culture / E. A. Chuchin-Rusov.– “Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences – 1996. No. 10

3 Trubetskoy N. About true and false nationalism. Exodus to the East // Sofia 1921. http://www.philology.ru/linguistics1.htm

4 Scherba, L. V. Teaching of foreign languages in the secondary school. General issues of methodology / by L. V. Shcherba. – Moscow: 1974.

5 Vinokur, G. O. Selected works on Russian language / G. O. Vinokur. – Moscow: 1959.