Экономические науки/13
Tiutiunnik Yana, student
Oleshitskaya O. V., assistant
Kriviy Rig Technical university, Ukraine
Fuel-energy and raw materials problems and the ways of
their solution
Considerable growth of use of
fuel-energy and raw materials on our planet.
Use of fuel-energy and raw materials grows on
our planet by significant rates. Today industrial worker is armed by the energy
approximately in 100 horsepower. About 2 kw of energy is produced per each
inhabitant of the planet, and maintenance of normal quality of life requires
not less than 10 kw. Such index is reached only in some most developed
countries of the world. In this connection, and also in a view of the further
growth of planet population, irrational use of energy and raw materials, non-uniform
distribution of fuel-energy resources among various countries of the world,
their production and consumption will also continue increasing.
Energy resources and their
limited quantity on the planet.
However, energy resources of the planet are not
boundless. There are a number of natural restrictions. If we
estimate fuel quantity according to three categories (prospected, prospecting
and potential), people will have coal only
for 600 years, oil – for 90 years, natural gas – for 50 years, uranium – for 27
years. In other words, all kinds of fuel according to all categories will have been
burnt for 800 years.
According to the target rates of nuclear power development,
total stocks of uranium will be reached in the first decade of XXI century and all
stocks of nonrestorable energy sources will be burnt down in 80 years.
Therefore, from the scientific point of view, the basic reason of fuel-energy
problem sharpening is growth of natural resources scales, involved into economic
circulation and their limits on our planet. From the public point of view such
reasons are relations of monopolistic property which stipulate injurious use of
natural resources.
Huge losses of energy resources took place in
wasteful economy of the former USSR and the countries of Eastern Europe. Nowadays
CIS countries spend for production of national income units twice more raw
materials than in the developed Western countries.
Basic ways of fuel-energy and
raw materials problem solution are the following:
1.
Establishing national
property on all natural resources. It will protect them from injurious use and,
in a certain way, weaken process of robbery by imperialist countries, first of
all fuel-energy and raw materials sources by developing countries;
2.
Essential change of
pricing mechanism on natural resources;
3.
Opposition of
integration strategy of actions of countries-exporters of fuel-energy and raw
materials resources to the developed countries. This strategy should concern
both extraction volume of all kinds of resources, and quotas of their sale on
foreign markets;
4.
Writing-off all
debts of underdeveloped countries. For payment only percent on these debts do
not suffice the means received from the imperialistic states for export of a
source of raw materials;
5.
Necessity of
dictatorship rescue of international capitalist organizations, first of all,
International Monetary Fund. The reason is that granting "help" to
the developing countries is carried out only if they follow all practical
recommendations of International Monetary Fund in the field of internal social
and economic policy. (So, in Latin America 25 million children starve. After IMF
has granted to Argentina the loan of 290 million USD, its economy begin to monopolize
quickly and hunger captured almost half of population of the country);
6. Production growth of finished commodity. It
would give a chance to increase considerably export incomes even at present
price situation in the world market;
7.
Giving out
considerable financial, human and technical resources by the developed
capitalist countries to the Third World countries for natural resources
investigation and working out, their processing, transportation and
distribution on the fair prices for substantial growth of currency incomes and
establishment of economic sovereignty; it will stimulate intensive development of agriculture;
8.
Integration of all
countries efforts for global problems solution, substantial growth of expenses for
ecological crisis overcoming due to arms race easing and reduction of military
expenses. In today’s world twice less money is spent on environment protection,
although stabilization of ecological situation on the planet needs much more
attention and investment. That is why, it is expedient to create original fund
of ecological safety for liquidation of danger sources to environment at the
expense of the countries which have caused the greatest damage to the planet;
9.
Carrying out nature
protection policy by means of administrative and economic levers of production stimulation
of such machines, technical equipment and power stations which would not
pollute environment, provide saving of all fuel-energy and raw material
resources, expansion of wood plantings and waste reduction;
10.
Promoting activity
of various public organizations and political parties on global problems
solving; creating new organizations which would consider life preservation on
the Earth as their primary goal; creating adequate conditions for human existence
on the planet;
11.
Using complex of
economic levers to control environment quality, including grants for
manufacturing of non-polluting production, for performance of state ecological
projects; introducing fines for all kinds of environmental contamination; bonus
payments for ecology preservation and improvement; preferential or discriminating
crediting, taxation and pricing; ecological insurance and others.
Change of traditional energy sources to new,
more perfect ones took place several times during our civilization existence. It
happened not because the old energy source was exhausted. The sun always shone
and warmed people: but nevertheless once people procured fire and began burn
down wood.
Discussion about energy can last forever;
alternative forms of its use are innumerable. But they can be provided only under
the condition of development of efficient and economic methods. It is not so important,
what your opinion is about energy needs, energy sources, its quality, and cost
price. Obviously, we should agree with the words of unknown wise man:
"There are no simple decisions; there is only a reasonable choice".
Literature:
1. Гаврилов В.П. Чёрное золото планеты. – М., 1993.
2. Голдин А. Океаны энергии. – М., 1996.
3. Крюков В.А. Полные канистры и пустые карманы. – М.,
1994.
4. Максаковский В. П. География 10: Учебное пособие. –
М., 1999.
5. Радионова И. А. Глобальные проблемы человечества. – К., 1994.
6. Юдасин Л.С. Энергетика: проблемы и надежды. –
Харьков, 2001.