agriculture

Productive and qualitative measures of slaughter steers Hereford Canadian selection and the local population in the area

Southern Urals

Kharlamov A.V., Miroschnikov A.M., Frolov A.N., Zav'yalov O.A.

All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of beef cattle

Abstract . The article presents data on the meat productivity and quality of meat Hereford steers import selection and the local population. Found that animals imported from breeding were obtained more heavy mascara , high yield pulp and best quality indicators.

Keywords: meat productivity , imported breeding bulls , slaughter quality .

I. Introduction . Importation of beef breeding cattle to Russia from foreign countries makes it necessary not only to assess their adaptation to the new environment , preservation, but also meat productivity . So , as a key indicator for beef cattle . In this regard , we studied the meat productivity and quality of products of slaughter cattle Hereford imported from Canada in comparison with the local population bred on the farm [ 3,8 ] .

II. Statement of the problem . In this regard , we have carried out on the experience of 40 Hereford steers , of which the principle of analogues were formed two groups of newborn calves to 20 animals each : I- import selection , II- local population (type Ural Hereford ) . Hereford bull calves imported and local breeding populations derived from the first calving.

III. Results . Best intensity of growth in all age periods , had the Canadian breeding bulls . Which were produced by larger , compared with the local population of their superiority was 31.1% (P < 0.01) , to 18 months of age dynamics of the live weight of group I was - 531.8 kg , II - 467,4 kg .

In the 18 - months of age on the end of the experiment to study the meat productivity and define quality at the Orsk meat packing plant held a controlling slaughter Hereford 8 goals to 4 heads of each group. At commission received carcass evaluation in accordance with GOST R 54314-2011 classified Prima and Extra , Class A, B ( Table 1).

Table 1. - Slaughter quality of experimental animals at the age of 18 months .

Index	Group
	I	II
Slaughter weight, kg	514,3±1,54***	452,3±4,65
Carcass weight of steam, kg	287,0±0,78***	248,9±2,70
Exit mascara%	55,8	55,0
Visceral fat mass, kg	18,3±0,20***	15,4±0,26
Output of internal fat,%	3,56	3,40
Slaughter weight, kg	305,3±0,99***	264,3±2,96
Slaughter yield,%	59,4	58,4

* - Р<0,05, ** - Р<0,01, *** - Р<0,001

Maximum weight of carcasses obtained from a pair of calves import selection (I g. ), Which are superior to this measure of peer group II of 38.1 kg or 15.3% (P < 0,001). The output from the carcass of an advantage was 0.8 %.

The largest number of internal fat synthesized in bulls in group I , which were superior to their peers on this indicator II of 18.8 %.

According to slaughter weight also noted the superiority of imported breeding bulls over the local population by 15.5 % , due to this they have increased carcass yield of 1.0 %.

The study of the morphological structure of carcasses to determine the ratio of output and its components: the muscle, fat , bone and connective tissue [ 4,9,11 ] .

Results deboned carcasses of calves showed that the greatest amount of pulp in both absolute and relative terms was imported breeding animals . Their advantage over their peers of the local population was 32.0 kg and 0.96 %. At the same time , a high yield of bones , tendons and ligaments were characterized by bulls of Group II are superior to their peers I respectively by 0.56 and 0.38 %.

The different specific gravity flesh and bone in the carcasses of calves compared groups had an impact on the index figure myasnosti ( pulp yield per 1 kg of the bones) , whose figure was greater in bulls -tailor their selection - 4.65 kg more than that of the local population to 0 , 21%.

Quality of intact carcasses of animals is largely determined by its varietal composition. In accordance with the requirements of GOST beef sausage on the classification is divided into three classes: top - pure muscle without any visible traces of other tissues and structures , I sort of - the presence of not more than 6% of thin connective tissue formations , II grade - no more than 20 % of thin connective tissue formations , allowed to have small veins, tendons, films [ 2,5,10 ] .

Grape variety of pulp largely determines its continued use of meat processing companies , as well as the amount and assortment of meat products [ 1,6,7 ] .

Our data indicate that the carcass steers them tailor - breeding, were characterized by the best varietal composition. B, particularly in the carcasses of calves in group I observed more meat content more valuable varieties : the higher by 24.0 % (P < 0,001), first by 18.1 % (P < 0,001). It should be noted that although the flesh of the second grade in the carcasses of calves import selection contained more than 11.2% (P < 0,05), in percentage terms it was lower by 1.5% compared with sverstni -kami local population.

IV. Conclusions .

1. The best killer performance characterized the Canadian breeding bulls , they are produced more steam carcass , visceral fat , with better carcass yield .

2 . Highest quality indicators characterized meat obtained from the Canadian Hereford cattle than local .

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Information about the authors :

Kharlamov Anatoly technology department head of beef cattle and beef production All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of beef cattle , Doctor of Agricultural Sciences , Professor

E-mail: vniims.or @ mail.ru. Phone: slave. 77-25-28 . Business address : Orenburg, ul. On January 9 , 29. Home address: 460022 , Orenburg, ul . Proletarian, 273 kV . 19 bodies . ( 3532) 52-06-47 , mob. 8-905-814-26-14

Miroschnikov Alexander leading researcher of technology of beef cattle and beef production All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of beef cattle , Doctor of Agricultural Sciences , Professor E-mail: vniims.or @ mail.ru. Phone: slave. 77-25-28 . Business address : Orenburg, ul. On January 9 , 29. Home address: 460001 , Orenburg region, Orenburg, ul . Chkalov , 46 , Apt. 89. mob. 8-912-849-22-78

Alexey Frolov senior fellow for technology beef cattle and beef production All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of beef cattle , Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

E-mail: forleh@mail.ru. Phone: slave. 77-25-28 . The address of the service : Orenburg, ul. On January 9 , 29. Home address: 460000 , Orenburg region, Orenburg, Victory Avenue on 166/1 m. 331 , mob. 8-912-847-95-17

Zav'yalov Oleg senior fellow for technology beef cattle and beef production All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of beef cattle , Candidate of Agricultural Sciences

E-mail olezek.83 @ mail.ru. Phone: slave. 77-25-28 . The address of the service : Orenburg, ul. On January 9 , 29. Home address: 461428 , Orenburg region, Sakmarskiy district,. Marevka , st. Sermon , 8 . , Mob. : 8-922-850-85-20