Zhantugulov T.

Kostanai State University named after A. Baitursynov the Republic of Kazakhstan

The coarsest grain processing - process of extruding

The method of grain processing by extruding has been known for a long time , but unfortunately, in our country it is not widely used . Extruded forage has a number of advantages, which are necessary for modern animal husbandry. We consider this method wider.

Fundamentally there are three processes in extruding: thermal processing of fodder means under pressure; mechanochemical deforming of the product: "explosion" of the product in the front edge of percussive.

After thermal treatment tastes of fodder means are improved because of the appearance of aromatic substances, etc. significantly increases the activity of enzymes in the process of forages digestibility, and also neutralization of some toxins and destruction of their producers.

  Grain are processed in the press-extruder at the pressure up to 40 atmospheres and temperature to 200 degrees by C. As a result there even is the devastation of the spore microflora and possible populations of bacteria and mushrooms. After that the extruder produces expanded, porous product in the form of a braid (strand of rope) with a diameter of 20-30 mm, with mass volume 100-120kg in m3, with humidity of 7-9%.

Along with the thermal treatment there are profound changes in nutrients. So starch is decomposed to dextrins and sugars, proteins are exposed to denaturation and forages digestibility increases at several times. As a result of such complex processing it is received an extrudate with pleasant bread taste and smell.

It should have a degree of starch dextrinization not less than 55 % , to be non-hygroscopic , have coefficient of propped kernel not less than 4 , and have a degree of crystallization ( swelling ) not less than 35%.
Good results were received after feeding the feed mixes, which contain 20% of extruded wheat and 20 % extruded peas , and you can substitute up to 50 % of animal origin feed in pigs diet - sucklings - weanlings . On the basis of experiments is recommended to use up to 30% of the extruded pea skim milk instead of whole milk replacer for calves older.
As apparent from the foregoing, when this unique processing almost doubles the nutritional value of grain . In addition, the process extruding hardly influenced by factors such as moisture content of the processed product and debris seeds of other crops and weed seeds - everything is going to work. In other words, by passing the process of drying and sorting, made perfect feed for cattle. The only requirement for raw materials during extrusion , is the lack of earth, stones , straw and other mechanical debris in the grain.
Even the treatment of wet stale grain that already has a smell of ammonia, transformed grain mix into good food. By extruding the so-called "dead waste," buckwheat shell - decades of accumulated at currents obtained fodder for sheep and pigs.

Now what happens is that you can compare with animal feeding sweet in lead sheath - animal internalizes only half, because all the energy spent on for "wrapper". In the end, we just support the life of animals, receiving meager weight gain and milk production.

In case of a new same grain processing and grain wastages, half of the work of stomach animal productivity shown in progress and it is therefore entirely energy animal feed is the construction animal organism.

As it is apparent from the above extruded feeds are irreplaceable for fattening of young animals: pigs, horses, cattle, rabbits, and etc.

It is no secret to practicing veterinarians and livestock that 90% of young deaths occur due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or infections listed through the digestive system. Animal at an early age the least protected here. So when repeated studies extruded feed we were convinced - feed almost sterile after 3-4 months of storage under normal storage conditions. When feeding young extrudates (strands) from the death of the animals of gastrointestinal diseases is reduced by 1.5-2 times. But later during the transition to animal forage at an early age, not exhausted intestinal disorders, significantly ahead of their peers in growth. When the humidity is 12-14% of feed natural decomposition of vitamins is much more intense than in the strands (7-9%).

By extruding the high temperatures are 10-12 seconds in duration. During this period of time is not the vitamins are destroyed. Extrudates, moreover, have good absorbent properties, so it can serve as prophylactic agent for gastro -intestinal disorders.
First, the extrudates by weight at two times less than the feed. Secondly , do not zaparivat feed , just pour cold water. Oh , and thirdly, - litter after feeding almost immediately Strang is an excellent organic fertilizer , since it does not chaff and weed seeds .
Legumes (peas , vetch , chickpeas , soybeans , etc. ) are rich in protein, amino acids and vitamins. After extruding digestibility of legumes increased more than 10 times in their feed ration can be administered up to 80 %.
For farmers plant for extrusion solves a lot of issues. This method eliminates the need for a number of laborious and expensive operations.