N.Sartanova - Ph.D., Associate Professor
Kostanai State
University
Experience of
realisation Kazakhstan clustered initiatives: experience and ways of their
decision
The clustered
initiative in Kazakhstan has assumed realisation of modernisation of economy
and territorial development since 2004. Achievement of strategic objectives in
economic development is not possible without committed partnership between
authorities and business representatives and various institutional structures ,
as well as networking between different companies in the implementation of regional
programs and projects. Kazakhstan clustered initiative - the long-term work has
begun with 7th pilot clusters which should proceed and extend on other
branches/regions; also has been directed on stimulation of the private
initiative and on development of the branches having êëàñòåðíûå structures [1].
Project aims have been
directed on creation of base for the further diversification of economy by
means of dialogue improvement between the state and private sector; increases
of competitiveness of the local companies by designation and the decision of
problems which representatives of this or that industry and development of
their possibilities face; improvements of work for clusters and competitive
business. Despite diversification attempt, and entrance into the new sectors of
economy, Kazakhstan status of the country with low innovative potential
remains. It is necessary to notice that on no one of the large markets of innovations,
Kazakhstan and has not begun to play a significant role.
The government has revealed the
problems of the first step of clustered initiatives realisation - the rate of
clusters in the chosen sectors has not provided achievement of fast growth; at
incompleteness of the stage of formation (nonformalization of cluster,etc.)
movement in real financing has provoked displacement of programs accents in pilot
clusters to the decision of operative and infrastructural problems; questions
of an innovative exchange and generation of new knowledge between participants of
the clusters are not worked enough.
The general approach to
clustered initiatives was reduced to the analysis of the basic non- extractive
branches («the Card of actives», the data about influence on the country, 23 clusteres
with high potential); to the analysis of the markets (world, regional and national)
and identifications of the most attractive segments.
The Card of clustering has
been defined in Kazakhstan and since 2005 has begun the work with 7 pilot
clusters through: adjustment of communications between participants of clusters;
assistance in elimination of barriers to their development; assistance in
realisation of strategic possibilities; institutional support and transfer of
knowledge.
Since 2004 the following
results and achievements have been received:
- The plan for development of pilot
clusters with definition of system measures and the measures specific for each one
has been confirmed;
- The plans of measures inside
the clusters are developed;
- The international
organisations have become interested in the development of Kazakhstan clusters.
The results and some examples
are resulted in drawing [2].
Drawing. The results in Kazakhstan clusters
There is a
question that has not turned out at realisation of clustered initiatives in
Kazakhstan: absence of the
"central" co-ordinator; absence/disappearance in some clusters the
participant capable/wishing to devote time and resources for coordination of the
cluster’s work; the loss of interest among the participants; the
investors/partners, ready to finance/participate projects on development of
possibilities are not found;
At the given
stage of realisation of the clustered initiatives it is necessary:
- To continue development of all the pilot clusters:
- To create true understanding of its concept, and there was only a desire
«to jump into going train»;
- To break desire to "construct" a cluster
The revealed
problems have allowed to define the following ways of their decision:
1) human resources;
2) standards
and technical regulation;
3) financial
resources;
4)
infrastructure;
5)
administrative barriers;
6) research
and development - absence of communications between scientific research
institute both the research centres and manufacturers; workings out of
scientific researchments which cannot find demand; needs of the enterprises in
the field of research and development are not satisfied; a lack of finance of
manufacturers for investment in research and development.
On the basis of the revealed
problems and definition of ways of their decision in Kazakhstan it has been
made:
1)
memorandums
of cooperation and the possibility of industrial practice (metallurgists and
transport workers agree) are prepared;
2)
offers on
introduction of system of technical regulation and under technical regulations
are prepared; cooperation with the European commission on working out of
technical regulations for branch of oil and gas mechanical engineering and the
food-processing industry the arrangement on carrying out of similar work in
others 5 pilotclusters) also is reached;
3)
the report
on financial resources in Kazakhstan (presentation at clustered meetings) is
prepared, and also negotiations with some venture funds with a view of
identification of attractive projects are carried on;
4)
preliminary
negotiations with the International financial corporation (are interested in
investment into transport and power infrastructure) are held;
5)
prepared and
submitted for consideration the proposals to improve the tendering procedures
for the acquisition of mineral rights of non-mineral deposits, as well as the
draft of the Regulation the acquisition of goods, works and services
Despite
acceptance of set of strategic and tactical decisions, the agenda for
Kazakhstan remains to be the same - how to diversify economy and for the
further realisation clustered initiatives in Kazakhstan target financing, transparency
and an effective utilisation of money resources of the state is necessary.
The literature:
1. Alimbaev À.À, Taubaev A.A. The strengthening of the
clusteres role in innovative-technological development of region.//Problems of
maintenance of competitiveness of economy in Kazakhstan: materials of the
international scientifically-practical conference. - Kokshetau, 2005. - With.
11-13
2. Planning
Session on the theme: «Development of the clustered policy of Republic of Kazakhstan».
- Astana: joint-stock company «Institute of Economic Researches», 2012. - on
November, 17-18th