Экономические науки/ 13 Региональная
экономика
Ladanenko E.I.
THE MAIN
DIRECTIONS OF INCREASE OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE FLOUR-GRINDING ENTERPRISE IN
MODERN CONDITIONS
Now
in the republic processing of grain is one of most dynamically developing
branches of processing sector. For years of reorganization the number of the
enterprises which are engaged in production torments and grain, increased in
tens times. In 1999-2000 their total number on the republic was estimated at
2200-2300 units. Extension of the nomenclature of mills was carried out mainly
at the expense of modular, low-power, almost not demanding installation,
productions. In recent years the number of mills in the republic was reduced to
level of 1500 pieces. Against reduction of total of mills the new hi-tech mills
constructed by leaders of world mechanical engineering are put into operation.
As a result the Kazakhstan flour differs high quality that is its serious
competitive advantage. Besides, millers provide today the guaranteed sale for the
Kazakhstan zernoproizvoditel, which is estimated to 5 million tons per year,
and also are the largest buyers of grain at landowners. A half of this grain is
overworked and on sale for export in the form of products with a high value
added. Thus the flour gives 80% of currency revenue of the republic of export
of all processed agricultural products. Success of flour-grinding branch
achieved in recent years, is obvious - Kazakhstan takes leading positions in
the world on flour export. Certainly, in it a merit of the enterprises which
were actively mastering foreign markets. [1].
The
current state of the Kazakhstan market of grain and products of its processing
is a consequence of processes of its formation in the conditions of transition
of branch to the market relations with simultaneous weakening of a role of the
state. Problems following, in our opinion, because of which the market of a
flour constrains the development are result of it:
1)
absence of statistically full and authentic data on branch and outputs;
2)
high interest bank rates when financing development of productions;
3)
backwardness of channels of realization of a flour, lack of system of the
civilized wholesale markets and marketing;
4)
poor development of exchange trade.
The
suspense of these problems leads to deformation of system of pricing on
products of processing of grain, to decrease in dependence between the price
and quality indicators of a flour, to violation of control of commodity and
financial streams, development of the shadow market.
Absence
or backwardness of separate elements of market infrastructure, first of all
exchange trade became one of a barrier in the flour market today. In world practice at the exchanges it is
made from 5 to 10% for real goods and 90-95% of future and forward
transactions.
In
Kazakhstan exchange trade in agricultural products in general (grain and
products of its processing in particular) develops extremely slowly. In
1995-1997 in the republic the grain exchange, and grain crops according to the
resolution of the Cabinet of RK No. 1035 rather actively functioned of 28.07.95
No. 2170 were carried to exchange goods for implementation of the Law RK
"About Commodity Exchanges" of 07.04.95. Further exchange trade in
grain and products of its processing in the country practically stopped, and in
2008, according to RK Ministry of Agriculture, through existing commodity
exchanges only Appeal of commodity exchanges to realization of grain and
products of its processing consists in a non-obligation of their delivery to
the auction, reduction of numerous intermediaries, expansion of access of small
farmers to the markets of material resources, sale of grain and other types of
agricultural products. Their activity provides transparency of transactions
with grain and products of its processing that promotes legalization of shadow
economy in grain business and to increase in tax revenues. It is necessary to
revive functioning of the grain exchanges that demands active state
intervention in the republic. At the first stage exchange trade in grain and
products of its processing has to go on a voluntary basis. Obligation should be
extended, first of all, to export deliveries that most of all needs
transparency and influences the prices in domestic market. At the same time follows
through an operating network of dissemination of knowledge of the Ministry of
Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, JSC Kazagromarketing system and
constantly operating training courses of fund "LADY" to conduct
large-scale active promotion, using and mass media.
Flour-grinding
production belongs to fields of activity with the increased risk that defines
their need for insurance and reinsurance protection. Serious risk factor for
producers of a flour is influence from shadow structures. Illegal turn of grain
and consequently, and a flour let out mainly at small enterprises which, by
expert estimates, makes 20-25%, creates risk for the guaranteed sale of a flour
by the large industrial enterprises. The most important problem of the state in
the solution of this question consists in creation of the information system
providing all interested users with full, operational and reliable information.
It doesn't mean at all that the state has to create such system and to be the
exclusive owner of information as goods. In all countries developed the
zernoproizvodyashchikh there is a plurality of information structures and
information systems which besides the government statistical bodies are created
on the basis of the research centers, commodity exchanges, public structures,
large grain companies, etc.
The
existing system of the accounting of availability of grain and its use in
Kazakhstan, in our opinion, is very imperfect and doesn't allow to use balance
of grain as the tool of the grain processor in business planning. In our
opinion, it is necessary to publish balance of a foodgrain in which data on the
actual existence of a foodgrain (without data on seed and fodder grain, a state
reserve) will be submitted only that will allow to judge the real amount of
grain intended for processing for saturation of domestic market, and also
availability of grain which represents an export potential – in the form of the
grain pure or recycled in a flour on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture
of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is possible to give a site of the Ministry of
Agriculture of Belarus where the balance of grain is looked through not only as
a whole about the country, but also in a section of territorial administrative
units as an example.
One
of the most important conditions of stimulation of dynamic increase in
production and improvement of quality of grain, increase of investment appeal
of branch, creation of conditions for obtaining the additional income is export
of grain and products of its processing. And in the long term value of export
for national grain branch will increase as change of structure of food,
increase of efficiency of animal husbandry will conduct to reduction of rates
of a gain of internal consumption of grain in comparison with rates of a gain
of production. Kazakhstan was included into group of leading world exporters of
wheat and a flour. For today every second ton of a flour released by the
flour-grinding enterprises, is intended for delivery to export. The flour of
the first grade is in most cases exported.
However
preservation of the reached volumes of export of a flour can be provided only
on condition of state-private partnership. Basis for the solution of the matter
have to become:
-
development of legislative base on subsidizing and other measures of the state
support of export with a binding of subsidies and supports to export volumes;
-
state support of advance and expansion of practice of application of a uniform
national brand of a flour and Kaznan pasta.
-
creation of the long-term program of development of grain processing branch on
prospect till 2020, with concrete actions for the state support of export of a
flour which would include state regulation on division of the export markets of
grain and a flour; subsidizing of export of grain at its export in the Black
Sea and Baltic directions, both subsidizing and state support of export of a
flour, in particular at development of new sales markets.
Literature:
1
. Reutov A. Rynok of grain and grain products in Kazakhstan//Economy and
statistics. – 2000, No. 4. - Page 24-26.
2
. Rybczynski R. The grain market of Kazakhstan looks for the new directions of
development. // Storage and grain processing, 2010, No. 4.