Kayyrbaeva G. K. – high teacher
Kostanay state
university by A.Baytursynov
THE
TENDENCY OF IN CREASE THE BUDGETARY POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
The
budgetary policy is the main body of economic policy, and its construction, the
state must to ensure macro, social stability and economic growth. And only in
this case the budget becomes safe base of the power fur democratic state. The
special place in the analysis of the budgetary processes is taken by effective
realization of state programs, and first of all the programs connected with
development of business.[1].
This sector defines the rates of economic growth and quality of national
product in many case.
The
Government’s report of Kazakhstan on the budget for 2012, to point to about for
want for indicators' system, which to estimate reached results of everyone
department and each public programs. Deputies and administrators of programs
absolutely fairly complain of a complexity system of distribution of means and
difficult structure of numerous parameters. It does impossible introduction of management’s
technology by results, and also strictly external control.
Indicators
of the budgetary programs demand today conceptual revision. Let's consider, for
example, the budgetary program 128 "Realization of actions within the
program of employment 2020", intended for training and assistance in
employment itself the occupied, unemployed and needy population, business
development in the village, increases of mobility enter price. Costs of its
realization in 2012 to form 45,3 billion tenge. In 2012 as indicators of direct
result are provided, such as [2]:
- assistance to business development (6769 people),
- increase of mobility enter price (11807 people),
- development of rural settlements (not less than 4000
people).
Indicators of resulting effect - coverage of the
participants who have addressed on the program of employment (100%), timely
rendering services to participants of the program which have addressed in the
centers of employment (100%). The quality and efficiency assessment in general
is absent.
It is clear, that similar indicators always will be
successfully carried out, and applied approach to their selection will not any
real economic and social results.
The name of a number of programs far from their
contents and an essence. So, the program 033 "Ensuring representation of
interests of Kazakhstan in the sphere of foreign trade, and also between the
Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries". This program to propose:
- studying of the European experiment on supervision
of the market (cooperation in the field of technical regulation);
- to complete work on entry of the Kazakhstan transfer's
network technologies into the European network of a transfer technologies
(Innovation Relay Center) and organization of information exchange with the
purpose of a mutual transfer technologies:
- involvement of experts of the European countries to
preparation and retraining of the Kazakhstan shots in the field of innovative
management, management of projects and engineering specialties.
As
a result the formation of the budget, based on the principles of orientation on
result, remains proclaimed, but not realized model. The report of the
Government of RK on budget performance is not yet corresponded to the reached results
of social and economic development. In the ideal the expenses which made by
administrators without real improvement of macroeconomic indicators, have to
admit inefficient. The assessment of the reached results should be carried out
on the basis of the cost parameters corrected on an index of inflation or using
of parameters, allowing to reveal real dynamics as correlation on an
inflationary component gives change of indexes of growth to 10 points.
The
analysis of reporting data for last year shows existence of certain problems as
in the sphere of the industry, and agricultural industry. This lag from the rate
growth and a certain folding of the sphere of small and medium business. For
the last four years in Kazakhstan the number of acting legal entities was
reduced by 17%, individual entrepreneurs - for 10,5%
Thus
it should be noted, that expenses of the state and industry programs on real
sector grew in 2012 by 18,6% and made 23,2% (1108 billion tenge) of total
amount. Result of these expenses in 2012:
-
the index of physical volume of an industrial production decreased from 103,7%
in 2011 to 100,5% in 2012, processing industry - with 107,7 to 100,7%;
-
the share of processing industry in gross domestic product remained at the
level of 2010;
-
in agricultural industry total production in 2012 fell to 17,8%.
At
the heart of economic growth the level of development of real sector lies, it's
impossible to forget. This axiom was once again confirmed in speeches of world
experts at recently passed VI Astana international forum. The increase in
fiscal and other charges in the budget has to provide not to increase of tax
administration, (by the way, receipts from penalties are executed at the level
of 144,8%), have to create of conditions for expansion of taxable basis, first
of all, for subjects of small and medium business.
According
to Calculating committee, the tendency of a considerable deviation of the
actual deficiency of the republican budget from planned, despite specifications
and adjustments remains. Not oil deficiency is at rather high level, its
specific weight to gross domestic product in 2011 made 6,4% (1775,9 billion
tenge), in 2012 he grew to 7,6% (2286,4 billion tenge). This growth testifies
that reserves of growth of non-oil sector are used poorly [2].
According
to economists and financiers of the country, connection with insufficient
growth rates not oil sector ripened need of legislative establishment of
threshold value of deficiency [3].
For example, the stabilization programs developed with the participation of the
IMF, usually provide restriction of budgetary deficiency no more than 3% of
gross domestic product. Within work on harmonization of the national legal
system of state members of EurAsES in the sphere of macroeconomic policy experts
of constantly operating commissions also offer to enter into the budget codes
of situation providing direct restriction of size of central government budget
deficit at the level of 3% of gross domestic product.
Increase
of efficiency of the budgetary process as a whole requires creation of the
special regulating mechanism, which is switching on realization of the
following elements [4]:
-
to enter the aggregated indicators of an assessment of efficiency of budget
performance and results of activity of the Government as a whole;
-
to define achievement of target parameters of programs by the main assessment
of efficiency of development of budgetary funds - indicators have to be
quantitatively defined by years (for example, in GPFIIR it is necessary to provide
increase in a share of processing industry in gross domestic product not only
by 2015 not less than 12,5%, but also its concrete annual increase of 2,5%);
-
to be based on the principle of "one administrator" according to each
program and to estimate level of "professional" compliance for
administrators of programs in the person of the first heads by the reached
results of implementation of medium-term programs;
-
to close programs with the indicators not executed during two years;
-
considerably to reduce number of indicators according to strategic plans and
the budgetary programs;
-
not to include in the program budget in the absence of sufficient financing for
successful realization;
-
to enter personal responsibility for execution of programs;
-
to forbid planning of the budget outlays provided for implementation of bills,
being in process of discussion in Parliament, and also according to programs
according to which formation of necessary regulatory legal base is not
complete;
-
it is obligatory to specify resulting effects of annual use of a transfer from
National fund;
-
at reduction of the income to apply sequestering of expenses equal in value
terms;
-
in case of commercialization of separate functions of government bodies without
fail to provide reduction of budget outlays by the corresponding type of the
state services;
-
to set a limit not an oil budget deficit to gross domestic product at the level
of 3% and the size of an external debt, including quasi-public sector, of 60%
of gross domestic product;
-
to count risk coefficients on an external debt of quasi-public sector;
-
to set limits of adjustments during the year (to 15%) and to limit their
quantity in Parliament once a year, in the Government - to three times;
-
accurately to structure used terminology, in particular, to give unambiguous
definitions to such concepts as "optimization" and
"reduction", etc.
The budgetary policy of RK at the present
stage of a financial system (in the conditions of crisis) is directed on
improvement of the budgetary process, on reduction of the state services and
maintenance of priority branches of economy.
Literature:
1 Концепция
развития финансового сектора на 2011-2013гг. // www.minfin.kz
2. http://www.nationalbank.kz
3.
Роль
государства в оздоровлении финансового сектора в посткризисный период. // Банки
Казахстан, 2013. - № 2. – С. 34-37
4. Никитинская Е. Провозглашено, но не реализовано. Пути оптимизации бюджетного процесса. // Финансы Казахстан,
2013. - № 32. – 9 августа. - С. 8-10