Kushnir Y.

Post-graduate of the chair "Applied Philosophy and Theology", institute of philosophy and psychology, V. Dahl East – Ukrainian National University

(Ukraine, city of Lugansk)

Spirituality of postmodern culture

Complex and multi-perspective processes of culture transformation on the border- line of the XX – XXI centuries led to the crisis of both a traditional and modern system of values and they received the definition of post – modern situation. Post – modern situation in culture is a fundamental challenge to classical man’s ontology and understanding "personality" which considers that every human existence possesses definite, invariant, universal measurements, so he exists in universal cultural senses.

The formation process of personality spiritual unity as a natural process of an evolutional universal one takes place by means of co – evolutional self – structuring on the basis of the content of spiritual sub – structures ordering (unconscious, conscious, self – conscious, super – conscious), in which inner – personal mechanisms are formed and function. The criterion of personality spiritual unity is a trans- tendency as a free way out to new levels of existence grounded by possibilities of common spiritual field for a man and a society. The attributes of personality spiritual unity are the following: freedom, sensible activity, creative activity, and co – evolutional activity. The aspects of personality spiritual unity consideration are the following: personality functional unity (precondition, the condition of man’s development), the definite type of personality’s structure (unstable or stable); it is the result of man’s development, self- organized process of this structure formation (the form of man’s development), the essence of man’s self – development, the subjective form of spiritual system self – movement.

There is a reason to state that personality spiritual unity is an attribute of man’s self – development. The essence of personality spiritual unity formation is a co – evolutional self – structuring of its spiritual sub – structures (unconscious, conscious, self – conscious, super – conscious), in which inner – personal mechanisms are formed and function. The formation of personality spiritual unity is presented as the following: we see and watch the phenomenon of the development of objective and subjective spiritual forms by means of subjecting and un-subjecting, symbolic creation, and spiritual in real subject – practical, socio-useful work of man. The most important characteristic feature of man’s existence is that there are no given generally accepted paradigms, final essence definitions, and rational notions in the conditions of post – modern culture. The specific feature of post – modern situation is the variety of a great number of processes to choose the life model and cultural strategies corresponding to them which acquire unpredictable and double character causing un-ingrained individual consciousness in general cultural senses. The post – modern in contemporary philosophy is a radically pluralistic type of culture; it avoids making man take, acquire theses or those values, world outlook orientations and life strategies. The figure of the post – modern culture is caused by neo – skepticism of an information society. This is a man with old consciousness, not aimed at socio – normative thinking and behavior. Generally- obligatory rules are losing their vigor; the absence of ethos is becoming the standard.

The post – modern situation is investigated in the sense concepts "de – construction" and "de –centralization" of G. Deride, "anthropological catastrophe" of M. K. Mamardashvili, "unfinished modern" of Yu. Habermas. P. Kozlovskiy tried to give the synthetic portrait of the post – modern. The problem of man’s existence in culture has been grounded in philosophical investigations of E. Bystritskiy, I. Bychko, V.Ivanov, V. Isaev, S, Kramskoy, T. Lugutsenko, V. Malakhov, S. Proleev, and V. Tabachkovskiy.

While doing our research we paid special attention to the investigation of man’s spirituality problem in the works by P. Kozlovskiy, E. Munie, and S. Franka M. Fuko, A. Shveitser, M. Sheler, K. Yaspers; the achievements of Russian religious philosophy (Vl. Solovoyv), to the heart of the Ukrainian philosophy (G. Skovoroda, P. Yurkevich), to the understanding of personal position of N. Berdyaev. The problems of spiritual culture development and spiritual sphere forming the man’s spiritual world, namely knowledge, faith, convictions, values, evaluations, ideals (V. Isaev, T. Lugutsenko, V. Shinkaruk, and O. Yatsenko) have been investigated in Ukrainian soviet philosophy.

The post – modern is in the list of directions describing the unique sufferings of a man and society for the situation in the XX century. The post – modern situation has been formed at the end of 60s in the epoch of cultural crisis in European countries. The time of the post – modern is a modern controversy which indicates the succession and quite definite attitude to modern tendencies in culture. A particular characteristic feature of the post – modern situation in culture is the problem dealing with the frontiers of different spheres of intellectual self – development. It leads to "washing away" demarcation between literature, philosophy, and an academic science [4, р.116]. The form and content of thinking is becoming diffused: a creative person takes not only one separate science but he deals with a definite vitally existential problem which acquires essential polymorphism and can be developed parallel or alternately within the framework of different creation spheres and within the framework of traditions. From this point of view the post – modern is the secondary archaic culture, and the returning to its primary syncretism condition can be understood as a sign of the beginning of a new cultural development cycle.

Changes in socio – cultural environment of a post – industrial society influence the personality’s transformation. Information plays a key role in a post – industrial society. Due to it the term "information society" is appearing which duplicates the concept of a "post – industrial society" and has interaction properties both with spiritual and material man’s world [6]. Diversity as a foundation of the post – industrial society is based on the post – modern principles of pluralism, de-centralization, and fragmentation. Pluralism guarantees the confirmation of the diversity as a fundamental basis and the post – industrial society is becoming the basis for the realization of this post – modern principle. The post – modern creates the distinctive conditions for vitally necessary man’s activity, keeps serious attitude to yourself and others in the form of limited self-determination within the parameters of absolute values. If such a type of values is not recognized then the only way for a "post – modern man" is the way of total irony and disaffection from thousand – year cultural experience. Because this way is the way of superficiality and disappointment, and the re-creation of real cultural experience on the basis of spiritual – religious and socio – standard values is becoming the creation in the post – modernism. Just such an experiment is able to reproduce ontological "nucleus" of culture which means the definite "meta-position" with regard to historical "constantly changing"; this allows the man "to look around" and to put all changeable, final and transient things into the connection with eternal and unchangeable [8]. Spirituality phenomenon is a very complex occurrence by its nature but in essence it takes it to thinking and consciousness. Absolutism of rational approach in spirituality cognition leads to unwished consequences: causes the illusion that only knowledge is the foundation of internal man’s world, his spirituality and culture. Rationalism methodology is limited and is not sufficient to achieve this phenomenon. To understand it at the level of essence is only possible on the basis of pluralism approaches and opinions and at last through the synthesis of different methodologies. The post – modern peculiarity as "cultural mode" of man’s existence is becoming a problem of symbolic formation for another necessary condition of personal transformations, the destruction of appropriate cultural mechanisms. The destruction of symbolic "mediators" due to which it is possible to transform a man is a specific feature of post – modern culture [5]. Large – scale, global civilized changes bring with them negative tendencies to a society which can be avoided, first of all, only through spiritual renovation and improvement. Aspiration to build a new society aimed only at old rational – pragmatic principles is rather negative tendency which absorbs with total rationalization many valuable- rich in content and moral components of personality’s spiritual world; and gradually spiritual – existential communication can be substituted by such interaction as a result of which a personality is becoming more unilateral one.

Conclusions. Modern attempts trying to answer the question what spirituality is in rational revelation don’t fully consider that sphere which is always the embodiment of spiritual life. Spirituality as a unity creates its own archetypes one of which has its projection both rational and irrational. Spirituality in its cultural – historical development is characterized by a certain deviation of these projections in archetypes but at the same time irrational projection either increases it in other archetypes or causes the appearance of archetypes of new irrational projections. While rational side of spirituality is growing the irrational component is growing too. It is advisably to consider spirituality in cultural – anthropological context too. It is necessary to determine as utilitarian – pragmatic values explaining the man’s behavior and his inner life as values on the basis of which the questions of life sense are solved; every person faces such a question as an "eternal question" of man’s existence. Scientific understanding of spirituality doesn’t cover all this spiritual wealth and spiritual experience which is beyond our understanding in rationalized philosophy.

References

1.Abulhanova-Slavskaya K.A. Life strategy / K.A. Abulhanova-Slavskaya. – M.: Thought, 1991. – 299 p.

2.Ananiev A.N., Plish A.I. Personality spiritual world and the system of values / Ananiev A.N., Plish A.I. / / Spiritual revival: Collection of scientific and scientific – applied works. – Issue 14. – Belgorod, 2003. – P. 225.

3.Kagan M.S. On spiritual (the experience of category analysis) / M.S. Kagan // Questions of philosophy. – 1985. – № 9. – P. 45.

4. Lugutsenko T.V. Spiritual dominants in cultural epochs / T.V. Lugutsenko //"Current questions, problems and perspectives of humanitarian knowledge development in modern information environment: national and international aspects": Collection of scientific works (International scientific – practical conference of May 17-19, 2011) Chief editor Zhurba M.A. – Rubezhnoye – Lugansk: V. Dahl EUNU, 2011. – Part 1. – P 116 – 118.

5. Lugutsenko T.V. Spirituality as subjective reality / T.V. Lugutsenko //"Religion, religious, philosophy and humanitarians in modern information environment: national and international aspects": collection of scientific works (International scientific – practical conference of December 27 – 29, 2011) / chief editor Zhurba M.A. – Rubezhnoye - Lugansk: V. Dahl EUNU, 2011. – Part 1. – P.30 – 32.

6. Lugutsenko T.V. Culture as a system of spiritual carrying out / T.V. Lugutsenko // "Philosophical problems of a man" (materials of a scientific – practical conference of November 24-25, 2011) /Lugansk: Publishing house of V. Dahl EUNU, 2011. – P. 294 – 295.

7. Lugutsenko T.V. Intercultural dialogue in the context of understanding different cultural values / T.V. Lugutsenko // "Achievements of socio – cultural and humanitarian sciences in contemporary Ukraine": Materials of the second All – Ukrainian scientific conference April 28, 2012: 3parts. – D.: Partnership "Innovation", 2012. – Part 2. – P. 113 – 116.

8. Yatsenko A.I. Values and ideals / A.I. Yatsenko. – K.: 1977. – 187 p.

Сведения об авторе

Кушнир Евгений Ярославович

Духовность культуры постмодерна

Украина

Страниц – 6

Кол-во сборников – 1

Секция: философия

Конференция: Перспективные вопросы мировой науки 17-25 декабря 2013

Електронна пошта: telfira@yandex.ru

Домашний адрес: 91051, Украина, г. Луганск, кв. Жукова, дом 17, кв. 73.

Лугуценко Татьяна Валентиновна

Information about the author

1. Kushnir Yevgeniy Yaroslavovich is a post-graduate of the chair "Applied Philosophy and Theology", institute of philosophy and psychology, V. Dahl East – Ukrainian National University (Ukraine, city of Lugansk)

2. Home address: 91051, Ukraine, Lugansk, Zhukova kv., dom 17, kv.73

3. Telephone: 0642 -47-64-62

4. E-mail: telfira@yandex.ru