Tynyshtyk Kaldybayeva, Ph.D. in sociology

(Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)

KAZAKHSTAN'S VILLAGE AS AN OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

Auyl (a Village) is a special social phenomenon of social significance, for Republic of Kazakhstan which is based on the following factors:

- first, in the context of modern world community globalization and sometimes the large cities over-loading, preserving a village, as a social, economic and territorial structure, as well as the natural environment of habitation of peoples becomes the most urgent problem;

- second, for Kazakhstan its Auyl - is a progressive development, social and psychological, cultural and educational well-being of Kazakh population, as the residents of those villages are the main representatives of Kazakh ethnos. This question is not only economical but also a political one;

- third, Auyl - is environmentally healthy place to deliver and grow up healthy young generation of the country and at the same time, the social structure that follows traditional, national and important human relationships, which are important not only for Kazakhstan's society, but for international community and the Eurasian peoples;

- fourth, Auyl - a natural and inexhaustible source of agricultural products - milk, meat, cereals , vegetables, kumyz, shubat , irimshik , wool, skin , bones , materials for crafts and other natural products that are innovative in processing and manufacturing, could become a particularly competitive goods;

- fifth, Auyl – is the renewable feeding and power source for a city, industrial production ( light, food and pharmaceutical industries), the base to rest and recreate, tourism, resort;

- sixth, Auyl - is a unique social and territorial environment of conservation an integrity of a human and nature, what is lost in Western civilization; to preserve and to develop such kind of place is for Kazakh society one elements to be competitive and secure in the world today;

- seventh, Auyl – is a source of demographic security and a condition of territorial integrity of Republic of Kazakhstan, which provides natural increase in population, with its timey development in creating socially health environment, as well as wide spreading (resettlement) of country’s population according to its territorial space to protect the borders.

The above mentioned factors require special and the new approach of the government towards total and comprehensive, in particular, industrial and innovative development of Auyl that nowadays remains relatively weak joint in implementing strategic objectives of the state.

The state provides significant funding to support and develop the villages, particularly, their remote areas and Auyl’ districts. However, as we realize, the implemented projects are not good integrated and coordinated with each other as a entire one. On the other hand, in comparison with the city, they do not pay sufficient attention to measures of innovational development of Auyl. And it is not the narrow responsibility of political, social and economic programs, but also should take care science entities, units of information technology and business.

Any form of development - economical, scientific, technological, spiritual and cultural - is an act and result of a man’ development: his mind, consciousness, aspirations and professionalism. So, when we observe the problem of development, that mean, it should be the problem of a person’s development, the entity of a social institutions that operate in a particular territorial community. From this point of view, comprehensive and modern development of Auyl, involves the development, precisely the evolution of the human environment, organization its social consciousness and social orientation. It is not enough to make good development program. Mostly, and to a great extent the implementation of the planned measures depends on the potentials of people, implementing these measures. Therefore, social, economical, cultural and educational development of Auyl should be considered in conjunction with the questions of forming high social consciousness, professionalism and sophistication of its own residents. Social responsibility of the government should be reflected in social behavior and actions of the residents of Aauyl. Only by raising the social potentials to high demands and required levels, one can achieve the expected results of state strategy. That means - socialization is the task not just the younger generation, but simultaneously the adults, through evolution of their social consciousness, vital social and technological behavior and actions.

The most important joint between strategic goals and aims and their real context in today's Kazakhstan - is science - social, engineering, natural science. Science must be forwards, blaze reliable ways of social practice. But, unfortunately, science is itself is on its way of search and development; is not ready to have time to respond promptly to the challenges of our life. All of these issues are the subjects of a social audit of the sociology of science.

Social audit as part of the social forecasting and planning, monitoring and evaluation of social demand needs self development. It solves the dual challenge: self development helps to find the most effective and faithful ways to solve the problems of life of society and the state. In this case, the development of social audit is based on the social experience of Auyl from point of social science; this attempt is made on the basis of this clarification of the ways and mechanisms of innovative development of modern Kazakhstan Auyl. It is not by occasion we focus on interaction of three critical stakeholders - local government, business and non-governmental organizations. If the first entity reflects the state interests in the region, the second - the main subject of the economic development of rural areas, the third - describes the active participation of people in solving social important problems of the social sphere. Therefore particularly important becomes the awareness of the mutually beneficial and mutually enriching social partnership. This, in turn, is the issue of social responsibility not only of government and business, but the population also.

  The question “how to turn science to Kazakh realities” the life problem, in particular the development of Auyl’ innovation remains a problem. Kazakhstan has sufficient number of research centers, including agrarian ones, but they are far from social orientation and social responsibility, slow react on the strategy of the state. The same relates to domestic engineering, technical research centers, which are still mainly devoted to the urban industrial sector, while the Auyl people, having unlimited, renewable resources for the processing applying innovative technological methods could help Kazakhstan's economy become more competitive.

The village needs in active intellectual investments. In our case, innovative auyl’s development is inextricably bounded to science promotion, tightened to educational institutions, coordinated with qualified personnel trainings, with universities, social forecasting and social oriented research centers design. If to be precise, Auyl needs in territorial geographical, geological and biological, social and economical, cultural studies from the perspective to clarify the prospects of using natural and social data (flora, fauna, minerals, soil, geographical arrangement, water resources, energy sources, possibility to regulate population settling, social infrastructure development, etc.). Having no scientific information about these phenomena we can not predict, design and plan scientifically sound and socially justifiable development program of our areas.

We observe one social fact, when limit the best capacities of the production (milk, meat, hides, wool, etc.) the situation discourages natural increase of achieved. The weakest point in this context is processing of raw materials with apply of advanced technologies, its conservation and sale, the limited rural market, urban’ dictate regarding barter, the lack of organized co-operative societies of rural producers to facilitate collection, processing, sales of their products. As a result, the rural producers - farmers, farms, individual farms for cattle fattening, slaughtering, as well as private households have no the expected return, and thus –have either no investment opportunities to found joint processing enterprises of small and average level. This village phenomenon is also one of the reasons for low labor salaries of farmers, which makes it unattractive for young people and the most qualified professionals. And the demand in young professionals - engineers, economists, managers, agronomists, veterinarians, livestock specialists is due, to on one hand, to gradual aging of leading operators in farming: former Soviet party and Komsomol and trade unionists members. On the other hand, it is needed for innovative development of agricultural production and processing and marketing of agricultural products. The new staff would be more open to new and progressive, market information.

Innovative perspectives of Auyl development are inextricably bounded to the radical change in the mentality of its inhabitants towards the new technologies, a new vision of what for them is a traditional habit. For example, territorial and geographical location of Tarbagatay district in East Kazakhstan region can lead in large scope run horses and camels breeding, produce process and sell competitive in the global market of environmentally friendly products - horse meat, mare, shubat, natural camel's wool, make clothes, decorative art products, etc. However, in true as it was revealed the opposite situation: some owners of the camels get rid of them as a non-profit business, and others, the most advanced businessmen from other areas are buying. There is no collecting, handling and processing of agricultural raw materials, which in the old days, provided the development of light industry. Dairy products processing now are in difficult situation. In general, through territorial and geographical conditions of Kazakhstan providing farms, including small outlying settlements with modern processing technology has the exclusive social and human value. The above issues and problems are urgent subject of study of sociology.