Stepkina N.E.
supervisor Senior Lecturer Kostyuk V.A
Odessa National Polytechnic University, Ukraine
Construction
and reconstruction of public and residential buildings,
using new technologies, UNDER CONSTRUCTION Metropolis.
The
basic approaches and the actual application of new technologies in
construction, production management, taking into account conservation of the
environment. The methods used by Western and domestic
organizations.
Problem statement. Analyzing the dynamics
of growth of construction in recent years, we can
note trends in growth capital investments in renovations and construction of
buildings in dense urban areas. This trend is typical for large,
well-developed cities, and quite naturally became central to the construction
industry seal of urban development, intensive use of underground space is
almost always associated with the need to meet the challenges of preserving the
existing buildings. Each
complex in constructive attitude object, usually with well-developed
underground part, which adjoins closely to the operating facilities, has set builders and designers of unusual problems,
however, fragmentation of the design and production work directly on the
construction site complicates the solution of major urban problems.
Analysis of research and publications. Construction issues are relevant to all developing and
developed countries. Many scientists and engineers engaged in developing
new methods and technologies. Number of researchers of the construction industry is
not great but it is growing every year These include the present chief
architect of Moscow, A.V Kuzmin, a graduate of Moscow Institute of Architecture
and is currently Professor of Urban Planning and Director of the General Plan
NIiPI S.B. Tkachenko, who is also professor of the Moscow
Architecture Institute, the Rector of the Moscow Architecture Institute,
vice-president of the Academy of Fine Arts and the Russian Academy of
Architecture D.O Shvidkovsky, a prominent scholar and author of over
400 scientific papers. Mark Izambar Bruyneel - the builder of the tunnel
under the Thames, as well as his son Izambard the Kingdom-eminent British
engineer
Problem definition. Task, which formed the basis of this
writing, is the study of domestic and foreign experience in using the latest
technologies and resource management of construction enterprises.
Summary
of the basic material. The construction industry in the world is conservative
.U.S. researchers still complain that the construction industry in the ranking
of innovation-active sectors is one of the last places. As it turned out the first technologically considered
Japanese builders. Yet, despite the comprehensive conservative construction
industry, appearing regularly innovations that are not radically changing
technological structure, reducing the cost of construction and operation of
housing, reducing construction time, quality and comfort. Recent major changes associated with such innovations
as the transition to a monolithic box-Frame Construction, the use of permanent
formwork technology, improving the quality of the concrete due to various kinds
of additives to improve its structural properties, the introduction of various
new materials (porous brick, composite materials, plastics, etc. .)
Lower material production and processing operations
shall be put beyond the construction site. One of the recent trends is the transition from the
archaic methods of construction of houses on site (on-site manufacturing) to
the prefabricated modular (off-site) construction. Much attention is paid to complex issues of energy
saving in residential buildings, the development of combined heat and power
schemes (co-production of electricity and thermal energy), the introduction of
effective methods of garbage disposal and sewage treatment (centrifuge and
membrane technologies, new technologies fermentation crude residue). Method of construction of buildings using light steel
thin-walled structures (LSTC) became a real alternative to traditional methods
of social and housing. It can significantly reduce material, labor and cost
parameters for mass construction while maintaining high quality and
performance.
Thermo
panels embody the principles of the bitmap construction, according to which the
maximum number of building components are manufactured at the plant. At the
construction site is just a quick montage of the building. If
necessary, can be assembled thermo panels directly on a foundation of low-rise
buildings being constructed or framed multi-storey buildings. Fastening
of light steel thin-walled structures can be accomplished with threaded
connections (screws, self-drilling screws or sliced), mortgage or stamping
riveting. Roofing overlap of thin-walled galvanized steel roof
trusses for housing are made of a thin-walled galvanized steel. Low
weight allows you to use them both in new construction and renovation of
existing buildings. Of particular relevance lightweight construction
purchase in the construction of lofts (add) that do not require additional
strengthening of walls and foundations. Researchers
at Newcastle University have created a unique type of genetically modified
bacteria, which can be used successfully to plug small cracks in the concrete. Brits
call their offspring BacillaFilla, and served as a feedstock usual hay bacillus
(Bacillus subtitles) - a bacterium often found in ground. Spore GM microbe
begins to develop only through contact with the concrete (due to
pH-indicator-specific factors that matter), and the built self-destruct gene
prevents uncontrolled division. Matured cells of the bacteria together in clusters,
gradually fill small cracks in concrete. In restoring the integrity of the
surface of modified cells are involved in three types: producing crystals of
calcium carbonate, acting as a reinforcing fiber and generating the glue - glue
reagent. After halting cell division, Bacterial
glue BacillaFilla hardens and becomes the same density as the surrounding
concrete. Invented tool allows you to extend the service life of concrete
structures and does not harm the environment.
Today,
the main enemy of technology, oddly enough, designers - say industry experts.
Then how designers and architects should be the link between large developers
and construction materials industry, laying in the projects of modern materials
and innovative technology. "In recent years, builders have architects, lost
the connection between consumers, designers and manufacturers
To
avoid conflict between the old communication system and the new user-friendly
materials and technologies, we need a systemic innovation policy, designed to
not only save money but also to remove existing constraints to widespread
adoption of innovations. Needed primarily economic incentives for implementing
energy efficient technologies (tax breaks, grants, subsidies, etc.).. Reasonable
government intervention helps to overcome not only the organizational,
management and regulatory barriers, but also the existing stereotypes and
prejudices against innovative solutions in housing, which means - to increase customer
loyalty to them.
Literature:
2. http://stroykaplus.ru/modules.php?name=SNews&file=article&sid=370
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