Экономические науки / 12. Экономика сельского хозяйства
Lyushyn V.
Research Associate of the Division
of Environmental Economics in the Agrosphere
The Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management
of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
institutional
support of the agricultural lands security system
In today's world,
preservation and reproduction of soil fertility remains for many developed
countries a priority direction for land protection and the main task for performed Agricultural Policy. This is caused by number
of fertile land has been steadily declining, and the need for food increases.
Therefore, the use of land in many countries becomes universal and strictly
regulated by special laws nature. Freedom of the
subjects economical activity of land use has been confined by limits of established regulations and strictly
controlled by the state .
In our country, the issue over land protection has become particularly acute with the beginning of land
reform, which was aimed primarily at changing ownership and redistribution of
land. Issues of protection of agricultural lands were not given proper attention,
not taken into account the environmental consequences of land reforms, which
led to falling the
agricultural land use efficiency, degradation and outflow of economic exchange. Today in Ukraine to ensure the rational use and
protection of land resources in agriculture is based on state coercion, since
the main tool for ensuring implementation of legal norms is the institution of
legal liability. Nevertheless a comprehensive
security of the agricultural lands
protection is difficult to realize only through coercive measures. To achieve
the objectives of agricultural lands protection
it is necessary to not only provide performance of duty over the land protection: there
is a need to active involvement of public authorities in solving the
agriculture challenges.
Legislative consolidation of functions, powers and
responsibilities of the subjects of land relations is performed according to
the conservation of land. On the one hand, government at all levels, on the
other – land users. Moreover, the functions of the state are aimed at creating
an effective mechanism for the legal and economic regulation and effective
oversight of the use and land protection. These include the responsibilities of
government to set regulations of optimal use, accounting and verification of
ecological condition of land, to provide land users with environmental and
legal regulations, on conducting of land management of agricultural land
tenures in compliance with the land rights of land users. Functions of land
users are aimed at adherence to use and compulsory realization of
land-conservation measures for the implementation of self-control.
To ensure an
effective system of land protection it is necessary to strengthen a government
regulation of environmental activities at all levels. First of all, it is necessary to clarify and streamline management functions in land relations regarding
the use and protection of land at the national, regional and local levels. To create an efficient health grounds, it is suggested to transfer issues of management use and protection of
agricultural land to the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, by empowering it with organization of the
land protection system formation and carrying out of corresponding works on
Land Management design;
ensure coordination with other agencies involved in this process; organization
of works with the inventory of land and total land certification of
agricultural land; control over the formation of an information base on the
qualitative state of land resources of agriculture; monitoring compliance regimes of agricultural land use and implementation of
land-conservation measures in accordance with the established during the order
of Land Management. To implement these powers it it suggested
to form a special service for land management and land protection as a part of
the Agriculture Ministry. Options to control the
conduct of the complexity of Land Management in content types and sequence of
land management projects using an eco-landscape
approach in the direction from general to specific it
is necessary to include in the land use authority service:
national land management schemes – regional – local level – internal business
land management project – working project to implement certain measures.
The implementation
of suggested measures is to strengthen the control over the use of land and a
violation on the protection and ensure the creation of procedural mechanism for
detecting infringements and
establishing targeted claims for the disorders.
List
of references:
1. UNECE. Land
Administration In the UNECE region. Development trends and main principles //
Economic Commission For Europe. United Nations. – New York and Geneva, 2005. –
112 p.
2. Корнева Н.Н.
Совершенствование регулирования охраны земель сельскохозяйственного назначения
/ Н.Н. Корнева, Я.Е. Давыдова // Экономика, труд, управление в сельском
хозяйстве. – 2013. – №3(16). – C. 43–49.