Филологические науки/6.Актуальные проблемы перевода

Medical terminology in English

Writer:Kristina Goshko

Supervisor: Rynda Ilona Volodymyrivna

Khmelnitskyi specialized lyceum-boarding school of the profound training in the scientific sphere

In recent years, linguistics observed rapid growth of interest in texts of medical direction, making it necessary to study their methods of translation in the light of ongoing development terminology. Modern professional Medical Translations - one of the most difficult in the practice of translation, because the terminology that functions in health circles, regularly updated with new names and definitions. This process is due to the considerable scientific work conducted globally, new discoveries and advances in all areas of medicine.

With the development of national terminology actively develops and English terminology system. The main source of replenishment language terms were Greek and Latin languages, but eventually took over the role in a European language - originally French, and English. French and English were, in fact, the largest donor in the history of modern European languages as Latin vocabulary learned in a rather large volume. In the twentieth century, gradually replaced French English came, which in recent decades has gained a wide popularity and almost replaced the French language in international communication. Modern medical publications and international conferences are held in English. Start a new stage of development of medical terminology, the role of the Greeks and Latins performs today English, which doctors have chosen as the only language for international communication. English terms such as shunt, bypass, screen, hospice, drugstore, nurse, healer, tray, check up, inlay, flapping, and others borrowed from English and used in many European languages unchanged. There are several reasons for the wide spread of the English language: United Kingdom possessed colonies in all parts of the world; English is the official language in many countries; English Grammar is simple to master. All of these factors have affected not only the formation of the English medical terminology but also on the development of national terminological. At the present stage of development of medicine and medical terminology is dominated by English as the language of international communication. The most influential scientific and medical journals published in English, English became the language of scientific conferences. We can assume that entering a new stage in the language of medicine - Phase English medical terminology.

For translation of medical texts are typical vocabulary related to the specificity consciousness functioning Terms and emotionally colored vocabulary and grammar, associated with features of the grammatical structure of English and Ukrainian languages and differences in the functioning of certain grammatical structures in scientific texts transformation. When translating medical text translator often have use such lexical transformation as:

- Specification:

Preparing slides using venous blood collected from venipuncture. Preparation smears using venous blood collected during venipuncture.

English-Ukrainian Dictionary gives the following definition of the word slide: 1) slip; 2) even (smooth) course; 3) rink, ice rink, ice mountain; 4) inclined plane, the drain complaints; 5) buckle, belt clip; 6) slide, slide; 7) slide. In this example dates from general semantics slide "slide" is replaced by the Ukrainian term with narrower semantics "smear". This change is explained environment and contextual meaning, which is a unit of the original language.

Identify the slide: using a soft pencil, write the patient initials and collection date on the frosted end of the slides. Sign smear: using a soft pencil, Write on matte glass surface of the patient's initials and date of collection.

English-Ukrainian dictionary gives the following translation of the word identify: 1) identify, clarify identity; 2) identify, clarify; 3) recognize

learn; 4) identify themselves; 5) converge, overlap. There is a need to replace the word identify broad semantics word with a narrow semantics - "sign smear" for a better understanding of the meaning of a sentence. Also in the case with the word end, which in different contexts can have different stylistic coloring. It has the following definition: 1) end end; 2) the last part, conclusion; 3) edge, border, boundary; 4) death, demise; 5) residue fragment, scrap; 6) end; 7) cord thread; 8) head; 9) sports. half of the field (ground) finish; 10) Amer. aspect, side, side; 11) the part, section, 12) the purpose, intent; 13) the result, consequence. Specify the method was applied to show that is not on the edge and not on the side to sign, namely the mat surface.

- Generalization:

Compare both sides! Are there any retractions or protrusions of the skin?

Compare both sides! Do you see any retraction or swelling?

This sentence is used several techniques. First, specification of the verb to be in present tense, which has a wide semantic spectrum Ukrainian verb бачити that has a specific meaning in translation. Second, the method of generalization when translating noun protrusion, which has the following values such as: 1) sticking, protrusion; 2) performance. And replace it with Ukrainian swelling lexical unit with which the content is played from the original more fully and specify a message. Third, the omission of such acceptance lexical items, as of the skin, because the context and so it is understandable.

Thus, due to differences in syntax, grammatical and morphological constructions in English and Ukrainian languages in the translation of medical terms industry widely used lexical and grammatical transformations, including isolated generalization, specification, taking lexical additions, rearrangement of the sentence, sentence segmentation and replacement of parts of speech.

Literature

1. Боцман А. В. Структурно-семантичні та прагматичні особливості фармацевтичних текстів (на матеріалі англомовних інструкцій до вживання лікарських препаратів) : автореф. дис. ... канд. філол. наук : спец. 10.02.04 / Боцман А. В. – К., 2006. – 20 с.

2. Вострова С. В. Лінгвокогнітивні та комунікативно-прагматичні особливості сучасного англомовного медичного дискурсу (на матеріалі медичних текстів з проблематики ВІЛ/СНІДу) : автореф. дис. ... канд. філол. наук : спец. 10.02.04 / Вострова С. В. –К., 2003. – 20 с.

3. Гринчишина Д. Англо-український словник / Д. Гринчишина. – Вінниця : Нова книга, 2004. – 1700 с.