Pedagogical sciences.
Ponomarenko Oksana
Senior teacher of National university of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Kyiv, Ukraine
Labour education and training are basic elements of preparing youth for
productive professional activities.
Abstract
Well-planned and well-organized career guidance is increasingly
important to improve career skills of young people.
The process of training the
qualified specialists is one of the main problems nowadays. Therefore, the
above-mentioned problem in the article is considered the major among the
problems that the high and secondary school meets.
Key
words: career
guidance, profession, vocational information, agitation, professional
competence, pupil.
In modern conditions, the social order for
career guidance services has emerged in our society due to the occurrence of
such a phenomenon as unemployment, which recently acquired a mass character.
The solution of this problem, in our opinion, defines the main tasks of this
training. Its aim is to create favourable conditions to ensure a sufficient
level of general and special training, which will give an opportunity to youth
to compete on the labour market.
Tasks of professional self-determination
of students is displaced with the formation of youth professional interests,
motives, intentions to solve staffing problems of industrial and agricultural
production by creating optimal conditions for disclosure and development of
their creative potential. Under these conditions, the result and a criterion of
quality of preparation of students for future employment is to provide the jobs
for youth in future that optimally reconciles personal needs and requirements
of the professional environment.
Therefore, the concept of a new system of
vocational guidance has developed in our country had a vision primarily as the
subject of self-development. Thus, it is noted that funds of training and work
activities of the students must be considered in terms of improvement of traditional
forms and methods of training students in the direction of incentive of the
individual to self-knowledge and self-improvement.
The creation of such career-oriented
environment actualizes the motivational sphere of the personality to self-solve
their own professional identity. Career-oriented position under such
circumstances is aimed at the awareness of a significant problem, the problem
of professional choice, stimulate the active search areas, and means to solve
of secondary school pupils age-specific needs [3].
One of the objectives of vocational
guidance is to prepare high school students for independent choice of the
future profession. This task provides for the coordination of personal needs
and dynamic demand of the labour market in highly qualified specialists in the
process of development and formation of a professional. Comprehensive and
integrated study of the personality of pupil in this process is the basis for
the formation of the individual style of the future professional activity [4].
Given this, we define a professional
consultation with high school students as a system of interaction between
vocational adviser and the person who chooses a profession, with the aim of
preparing the student for independent choice of the future profession based on
the study and considering the individual characteristics and needs of the
labour market. Such definition allows us to consider the pupil as a subject of
professional growth. Important is to clarify the essence of professional
self-determination for the age of the older and younger adolescent.
In most research [1; 2; 5] the need to
develop students’ ability to professional self-determination refers to the
stages of professional development of personality pre-teen years. Age of
seniors – a period of search and trying professional choice, which is the
formation of professional intentions. In general, the special subject of study
of personality professional growth are all age stages. That is why, the holding
of vocational events is not limited to high school students.
Vocational work begins on the preparation
of students to professional self-determination. The students of the senior
classes embody the results of this training in the specific choice of the
future profession. Later vocational activities aimed to help youth, who is
studying to specialize and start a profession adaptation. Employment and
professional growth – the ultimate goal of the organization and conduct the
vocational guidance activities.
Preparatory stage – from birth
and throughout a child's learning at school. At this stage, the goal of vocational guidance – surveillance, detection, support and create
appropriate conditions for the development of the individuality of each
student. It is implemented by including the child in different kinds of
training and work activity (social, sports, etc)
Main stage – vocational work is carried
out with pupils of the senior classes. The purpose of this work is to prepare
high school students to the basics independent of the choice of future
profession. Independence in this process involves the child's ability to repeat
a scientific choice in the new environment. It is implemented by a combination
of psychological-pedagogical means of professional orientation of students
(specialized training of basic vocational training, vocational assistance, necessary
in the future development of professionally important qualities in the process
of professional training, etc).
Adjusted stage. Assistance to high school
graduates and students of professional educational institutions in the
elaboration of the professional training, specialization and initial profession
adaptation is the main goal of vocational guidance at this stage.
The final stage. The employment and
assistance in the formation of individual style of professional activity in the
workplace. This process ends with formulating and improving career prospects [2].
So, the main components of profile
training of senior pupils are: the study of specific subjects on a
differentiated basis, selective courses, electives, information, profile
orientation, profile trial, a special role is played by vocational education
and training, which was considered as the most important part of preparing the
youth for productive activities.
1. I. Beh
Vocational guidance of the content of the labor training activities of pupils /
Beh I.D, Tymenko M.P / / Scientific Proceedings of Ternopil State Pedagogical
University. Series: Pedagogy. Number 5. – 1999. – P. 15–21.
2. O. Vitkovska Professional self-determination as a problem
of the person life / O. Vitkovska // Pedagogy and psychology. – 1998. – No. 3.
– P. 171–179.
3. R. Gurova Today's youth: social
values and moral orientation / Gurova R. / / Pedagogy. – 2000. – ¹ 10. – P. 32–38.
4. V. Zinchenko
Theory and practice of development of vocational guidance in the present
conditions // Update the content and methods of psychology, education and
career guidance / VP Zinchenko, Yantsur MS / / – ¹4á 1998. – P.4–15.
5. O. Melnyk, V.
Romanchuk Fundamentals of occupational choice: The pilot and a collection of
practical problems. / O. Melnyk – Kyiv: Institute of Education
Sciences of Ukraine, 2001. – 98 p.