Педагогические науки /5.Современные методы преподавания

PhD K. Halatsyn

National Technical University of Ukraine “KPI”, Ukraine

Progressive technique of training

The method of projects became the integrated component of quite developed and structured education system now. The essence of a method of projects consists in stimulation of interest in carrying out research activity. From the point of view of the educational theory and practice project and research activities are closely connected with forecasting, and therefore can serve as the effective instrument of intelligence development and creativity of the project participant. Ability to use the method of projects is an indicator of highly qualified teacher, his progressive technique of training and development of trainees.

The method of projects gives the chance to form such competence which can be postponed for other areas of knowledge, kinds of activity. Students learn to use them in the cognitive and professional activity. The method of projects assumes consideration of a problem in its development and registration the result of its decision in a concrete product. The method of projects differs from other problem methods which don’t provide similar completion of works. So, discussion, heuristic conversations are used for clarification of the points of view, positions of participants, role-playing or business game – "to play" a problem situation on itself, to understand a problem and possible consequences of the made decisions more deeply. All estimated variants of a problem situation and ways of their decision are brought on a board with no comments. But then their discussion follows. The authors of each proposal should clearly justify it, supporting the arguments with concrete data, and from different areas of knowledge. Participants of the project distribute among themselves roles and tasks; plan the activity and ways of registration the result of research. [4]

The method of projects is always focused on independent student’s activity – individual, pair and group they carry out during a certain piece of times. Application of a project method assumes possession of certain intellectual abilities: analysis, comparison, synthesis, mental experimenting, forecasting, information search, its assessment, etc.

Now the project activity technology gets into a new phase of the development. As the educational technology it is transformed to category of basic pedagogical competence. As A.I. Savenkov notes, the organization of project activity assumes drawing up the accurate plan of the carried-out researches, demands a clear formulation and understanding of the studied problem, development of real hypotheses, their check according to the accurate plan. [3]

Expediency of realization a project method as educational technology is caused by the following circumstances:

- there is any significant problem demanding the research decision;

- estimated results have subjective or objective novelty;

- during the work on the project research methods are applied;

- there is a choice situation demanding independent activity of the participant.

It is known that the substantial basis of any activity is made by its object and a subject. Different types of a project activity are focused on creation and transformation of different objects and subjects.

By object of a project activity is defined process in the context of which there is its subject; the diverse phenomena within which this activity is carried out. The subject of design is a final product which estimated image is originally presented in the project. The object and a subject of a project correspond among themselves as the general and individual. [1, 2]

Within each project it is possible to allocate the specific object, subject, the purpose, project functions, typologization signs, the end result, forms and methods of examination, criteria of the final product assessment.

Development of informative, creative skills, abilities independently design the professional knowledge, abilities to be guided in information space, development of critical thinking is the cornerstone of a project method. Advantages of this technology consist in enthusiasm in work, interest of listeners, communication with real practice, ability to work in group.

Literature:

1. Korsakova E.A. Teoreticheskie osnovy proektnogo obuchenija. 2009. http://www.researcher.ru/metodics/.

2. Rudomanenko I.V. Metod proektov v sisteme obrazovanija // Aktual'nye problemy gumanitarnyh i social'no-jekonomicheskih nauk: sb. mat. V mezhd. zaoch. nauch.-prakt. konf. – Saratov-Vol'sk: Nauka, 2011. – Ch.2. – S.113-119.

3. Savenkov A.I. Issledovatel'skoe obuchenie i proektirovanie v sovremennom obrazovanii. [Jelektronnyj resurs] / A.I. Savenkov // Issledovatel' [sajt]. – M., [b.g.]. – http://www.abitu.ru.researcher/ metodics/teor/a_1xitfn

4. Chernova O.V., Zubkova O.P. Organizacija issledovatel'skoj proektnoj dejatel'nosti uchashhihsja // Nacional'nyj proekt «Obrazovanie». 2007. - № 1. – S. 48-52.