Филологические науки/4. Синтаксис: структура, семантика, функция

Petrova E.A.

Doctor of philological sciences

Ufa Law Institute, Russia

FUNCTIONAL-COGNITIVE FEARTRES OF COMPOUND PROPOZEMES

The analytical provisions of new paradigms in linguistics allow to consider something famous under a new point of view as they have big research (interpreting, explanatory, modeling) potential and by that allow to achieve new results and to master such layers of the research massif which were inaccessible for traditional linguistics. The research of semantics of language units from the point of view of their interaction with a logical substratum of consciousness and cognitive activity of the individual is accompanied by the structure of mental representations as "the structure and the principles of language, anyway, reflect structure and the principles of perception". The strategy of "forming of concepts" therefore can be more based on "the principles of structure" (that is syntax or grammar) of the language, than on specific contents of the vocabulary or words" [2, 41]. Such approach allows to disclose the essential latent regularities of the language structures serving as verbal packaging of the results of difficult mental procedures.

The central place in our research work is allocated to the interpretation of the substantial part of syntactic structures of English which would be insufficient without the usage of logic-cognitive methods of the analysis, more effective usage of the ideas of the systematic approach to the comparison of logical and linguistic structures, creation of the single theory of the text and the theory of human thinking. The situation when it is difficult to establish the subject of the analysis of logical and linguistic researches as both those, and others concern semantics and pragmatics of natural languages was created. Not casually at sources of a logical thought the analysis of language lies: the term of logics initiated by stoic, designates the verbal expression of a thought (logos).The question of the language interpretation of logical forms enters an all-philosophical problem of communication of language, thinking and knowledge, logics and syntax.

In our opinion, this difficult situation can be resolved at the expense of the uniform description of the grammatical, semantic and logical forms embodied in language units, in a logic-cognitive research of complex propozemes as their interpretation is directly connected with their logical content. It is well-known that syntax holds topmost position in hierarchy of language subsystems. In the known methods of the logical analysis of language the principles and rules of grammar consider as patterns on which the structure of language is brought into accord with universal forms of thinking.

The task of the logical analysis of structure of a propozeme set by a number of the directions of the modern linguistics differentiating the level of abstract representation of this syntactic unit and the level of its language implementation causes the necessity of developing logic-cognitive interpretation of complex propozemes since in syntax, at the level of a propozeme, we can see the alloy of a thought and the language sign representing a logic-language phenomenon as the research object.

Thus, the interpretation of the existing concepts in logics, philosophy and linguistics in the context of cognitive science can promote the solution of the urgent practical and theoretical tasks of the modern linguistics connected with the correlation of logic-cognitive and syntactic categories. The functional and cognitive peculiarities of complex propozemes as language signs find the real embodiment in the interaction of the linear substantial structures open for direct observation, and deep structures. The explanation of their specifics finally allows to interpret the processes of thought breed and semantic modifications in language units.

When studying the problems connected with logic-cognitive interpretation of complex propozemes we recognize, first, that they exist at the mental level as integrated whole which don't come down to the sum of values of the components making them. Secondly, being complex syntactic entities, they have the form and functional value and reflect pragmatic-discourse function of language units, that is mental bases of the speech production and its interpretation from the such point of view as the structures of language knowledge are presented in logical forms and participate in processing of information.

The core values of a linguistic unit is determined, above all, the essential features, sufficient and necessary to distinguish this value from other values in the language system and forming its intension. The intension value also includes the connotation that is emotionally evaluative component of primary nominations and emotionally expressive values of the secondary nominations. Intension and connotation together form сontention [5, 13].

The semantic organization of any propozeme is considered as the semantic complex organized on the predicate basis, representing the result of the interaction of semantic components and describing the relation between the typed elements of extralinguistic reality [Kryuchkov, Maksimov]. Its study, respectively, involves the identification of semantic roles of propozeme’s components and the analysis of reflecting by propozeme the structure of situation. The component analysis allows the concepts expressed by syntactic markers and syntactic elements to be viewed in the same row and to subordinate general formal procedures [6, 17]. The semantic component of linguistic description assigns to the underlying structure of any propozeme its semantic interpretation or exposure. According to Shpet, exposure is nothing but a formal framework, the correlate of which, or rather a necessary complement, meaning “pure" content, is interpretation [6, 112].

In the basis of the deep structure of propozeme it’s necessary to put the concept of natural logics, which is understood as an exhaustive study of the conceptual resources of natural language [4, 22]. Thinking is realized in the logical forms which means a dialectical approach to the knowledge of the object.

Thus, different semantic readings of propozemes are possible only when referring to the substantive aspect of the interpretation component of its member units, which organize its semantics as the meaning of any linguistic unit is determined, roughly speaking, by the set of all meaning postulates in which they occur [1, 180]. At the same time it should be noted that it is impossible to bring together the sense of complex propozemes both to the cumulative sum of values of the lexical units making them, and to the true constructive value without the semantics of constituents of propozemes and also the rules of their combination.

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4. Lakoff G. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. 286 p.

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6. Shpet G.G. Inner form of the word (etudes and variations on the theme of Humboldt). – Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2003. 216 p.